Katana VentraIP

A. S. Byatt

Dame Antonia Susan Duffy DBE HonFBA (née Drabble; 24 August 1936 – 16 November 2023), known professionally by her former married name, A. S. Byatt (/ˈb.ət/ BY-ət),[1] was an English critic, novelist, poet and short story writer. Her books have been translated into more than thirty languages.[2][3]

Dame

A. S. Byatt

Antonia Susan Drabble
(1936-08-24)24 August 1936
Sheffield, West Riding of Yorkshire, England

16 November 2023(2023-11-16) (aged 87)
London, England

  • Critic
  • novelist
  • short story writer
  • poet

1964–2016

(m. 1959; div. 1969)
Peter Duffy
(m. 1969)

4

After attending the University of Cambridge, she married in 1959 and moved to Durham. It was during Byatt's time at university that she began working on her first two novels, subsequently published by Chatto & Windus as Shadow of a Sun (1964; reprinted in 1991 with its originally intended title, The Shadow of the Sun) and The Game (1967). Byatt took a teaching job in 1972 to help pay for the education of her son. In the same week she accepted, a drunk driver killed her son as he walked home from school. He was 11 years of age. Byatt spent a symbolic 11 years teaching, then began full-time writing in 1983. The Virgin in the Garden (1978) was the first of The Quartet,[4] a tetralogy of novels that continued with Still Life (1985), Babel Tower (1996) and A Whistling Woman (2002).


Byatt's novel Possession: A Romance received the 1990 Booker Prize, while her short story collection The Djinn in the Nightingale's Eye (1994) received the 1995 Aga Khan Prize for Fiction. Her novel The Children's Book was shortlisted for the 2009 Booker Prize and won the 2010 James Tait Black Memorial Prize. Her critical work includes two studies of Dame Iris Murdoch (who was a friend and mentor), Degrees of Freedom: The Early Novels of Iris Murdoch (1965) and Iris Murdoch: A Critical Study (1976). Her other critical studies include Wordsworth and Coleridge in Their Time (1970) and Portraits in Fiction (2001).


Byatt was awarded the Shakespeare Prize in 2002, the Erasmus Prize in 2016, the Park Kyong-ni Prize in 2017 and the Hans Christian Andersen Literature Award in 2018. She was mentioned as a candidate for the Nobel Prize in Literature.[5]

Early life[edit]

Antonia Susan Drabble was born in Sheffield, England, on 24 August 1936,[6] as the eldest child of John Frederick Drabble, QC, later a County Court judge, and Kathleen Bloor, a scholar of Browning.[7] Her sisters are the novelist Margaret Drabble and the art historian Helen Langdon. Her brother Richard Drabble KC is a barrister.[8] The Drabble father participated in the placement of Jewish refugees in Sheffield during the 1930s.[9] The mother was a Shavian and the father a Quaker.[9] As a result of the bombing of Sheffield during the Second World War the family moved to York.[10]


Byatt was educated at two independent boarding schools, Sheffield High School and The Mount School, a Quaker boarding school at York.[7]


An unhappy child, Byatt did not enjoy boarding school, citing her need to be alone and her difficulty in making friends.[7] Severe asthma often kept her in bed where reading became an escape from a difficult household.[11] She attended Newnham College, Cambridge, Bryn Mawr College (in the United States), and Somerville College, Oxford.[6][12] Having studied French, German, Latin and English at school, she later studied Italian while attending Cambridge so that she could read Dante.[2]


Byatt lectured in the Department of Extra-Mural Studies of the University of London (1962–71),[6] the Central School of Art and Design and from 1972 to 1983 at University College London.[6] She began writing full-time in 1983.[13]

Personal life and death[edit]

Byatt married Ian Charles Rayner Byatt in 1959 and moved to Durham.[2] They had a daughter together,[14] as well as a son, Charles, who was killed by a drunk-driver at the age of 11 while walking home from school.[2][7][10] She spoke of her son's death and its influence on her lecturing and subsequent career after publishing The Children's Book, in which the image of a dead child features.[2][7] She came to regard her academic career symbolically.[2] She later wrote the poem "Dead Boys".[7] The marriage was dissolved in 1969. Later that year, Byatt married Peter Duffy, and they had two daughters.[15][7][14]


Byatt's relationship with her sister Margaret Drabble was sometimes strained due to the presence of autobiographical elements in both their writing. While their relationship was no longer especially close and they did not read each other's books, Drabble described the situation as "normal sibling rivalry"[16] and Byatt said it had been "terribly overstated by gossip columnists."[17] Byatt was an agnostic, though she maintained an affinity for Quaker services.[10][15] She enjoyed watching snooker, tennis, and football.[15][18]


Byatt lived primarily in Putney, and died at home on 16 November 2023, at the age of 87.[15][19][20]

Influences[edit]

Byatt was influenced by Henry James[2] and George Eliot[7][10] as well as Emily Dickinson,[10] T. S. Eliot, Coleridge,[10] Tennyson[7] and Robert Browning,[7] in merging realism and naturalism with fantasy. She was not an admirer of the Brontë family,[2] nor did she like Christina Rossetti.[10] She was ambivalent about D. H. Lawrence.[2] She knew Jane Austen's work off by heart before her teens.[10] In her books, Byatt alluded to, and built upon, themes from Romantic and Victorian literature.[6] She cited art historian John Gage's book on the theory of colour as one of her favourite books to reread.[2]

Writing[edit]

Fiction[edit]

Byatt wrote a lot while attending boarding school but had most of it burnt before she left.[2]


She began writing her first novel while at the University of Cambridge, where she did not attend many lectures but when she did, she passed the time attempting to write a novel, which—given her limited experience of life—involved a young woman at university trying to write a novel, a novel, her novel, which—she knew—was "no good".[2] She left it in a drawer when she was finished.[2] After departing Cambridge, she spent one year as a postgraduate student in the United States and began her second novel, The Game, continuing to write it at Oxford when she returned to England.[2] After getting married in 1959 and moving to Durham, she left The Game aside and resumed work on her earlier novel.[2] She sent it to literary critic John Beer, whom she had befriended while at Cambridge.[2] Beer sent Byatt's novel to the independent book publishing company Chatto & Windus.[2] From there Cecil Day-Lewis wrote her a response and invited her to lunch at The Athenaeum.[2] Day-Lewis was Byatt's first editor; D. J. Enright would succeed him.[10]


Shadow of a Sun, Byatt's first novel, is about a girl and her father and was published in 1964.[6] It was reprinted in 1991 with its originally intended title, The Shadow of the Sun, intact.[2] The Game, published in 1967, concerned the dynamics between two sisters.[6] The reception for Byatt's first books became confused with her sister's writing; her sister had a quicker rate of publication.[2]


The family theme is continued in The Quartet,[4] Byatt's tetralogy of novels, which begins with The Virgin in the Garden (1978) and continues with Still Life (1985), Babel Tower (1996) and A Whistling Woman (2002).[6] Her quartet is inspired by D. H. Lawrence, particularly The Rainbow and Women in Love. The family portrayed in the quartet are from Yorkshire.[6] Byatt said the idea for The Virgin in the Garden came in part from an extramural class she taught in which she had read Tolstoy and Dostoevsky and in part from her time living in Durham in 1961, the year in which her son was born.[2] The book was an attempt to understand what could be achieved if Middlemarch were written in the middle of the twentieth century.[2] Byatt's book features a powerful death scene, which she invented in 1961 (inspired by Byatt's reading of Angus Wilson's book The Middle Age of Mrs Eliot and the accident in its opening), a death scene that has drawn complaints from numerous readers for its vividness.[2] Describing mid-20th-century Britain, the books follow the life of Frederica Potter, a young intellectual studying at Cambridge at a time when women were heavily outnumbered by men at that university, and then tracing her journey as a divorcée with a young son as he makes a new life in London. Byatt says some of the characters in her fiction represent her "greatest terror which is simple domesticity."[7] Like Babel Tower, A Whistling Woman touches on the utopian and revolutionary dreams of the 1960s.[7]


Also an accomplished short story writer, Byatt's first published collection was Sugar and Other Stories (1987).[6] The Matisse Stories (1993) features three pieces, each describing a painting by the eponymous painter; each is the tale of an initially smaller crisis that shows the long-present unravelling in the protagonists' lives.[6] The Djinn in the Nightingale's Eye, published in 1994, is a collection of fairy tales.[6] Byatt's other short story collections are Elementals: Stories of Fire and Ice, published in 1998, and Little Black Book of Stories, published in 2003.[6] Her books reflect a continuous interest in zoology, entomology, geology,[21] and Darwinism[2] among other repeated themes. She is also interested in linguistics and takes a keen interest in the translation of her books.[2] Byatt said: "I can't say how important it was to me when Angela Carter said 'I grew up on fairy stories—they're much more important to me than realist narratives'. I hadn't had the nerve to think that until she said it, and I owe her a great deal".[7] Carter, in an earlier (first) meeting with Byatt after a Stevie Smith poetry reading, had dismissed Byatt's work, so this change of heart vindicated Byatt's approach to writing and Byatt readily acknowledged it.[2]

1986: PEN/Macmillan Silver Pen Award, for Still Life

[32]

1990: , for Possession: A Romance[33]

Booker Prize for Fiction

1990: , for Possession: A Romance[34]

Irish Times International Fiction Prize

1991: (Eurasia Region, Best Book), for Possession: A Romance[35]

Commonwealth Writers Prize

1991: Honorary from the University of Durham[36]

DLitt

1993: Honorary from the University of Liverpool[37]

LittD

1994: Honorary Doctorate from the [38]

University of Portsmouth

1995: Honorary Doctorate from the [39]

University of London

1995: (Italy)[40]

Premio Malaparte

1995: , for The Djinn in the Nightingale's Eye[41]

Aga Khan Prize for Fiction

1998: Mythopoeic Fantasy Award for Adult Literature, for The Djinn in the Nightingale's Eye

[42]

1999: Honorary DLitt from the [43]

University of Cambridge

1999: Honorary Fellow, [3][44]

Newnham College, Cambridge

2002: (Germany)[6]

Shakespeare Prize

2004: Honorary from the University of Kent[45]

Doctor of Letters

2004: Honorary Fellow, [46]

University College London

2009: International Literary Grand Prix[47] (Canada)

Blue Metropolis

2009: shortlist, for The Children's Book[13]

Booker Prize

2010: Honorary doctorate from (Netherlands)[48]

Leiden University

2010: , for The Children's Book[49]

James Tait Black Memorial Prize

2016: (Netherlands), for "exceptional contribution to literature"[50][51][52]

Erasmus Prize

2017: of the British Academy[53]

Fellow of the British Academy

2017: (South Korea)[54]

Park Kyong-ni Prize

2017: Golden Plate Award of the [55][56]

American Academy of Achievement

2018: (Denmark)[57]

Hans Christian Andersen Literature Award

Byatt was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 1990 New Year Honours,[29] and was promoted to Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE), "for services to Literature", in Elizabeth II's 1999 Birthday Honours.[30][13]


Byatt was mentioned as a candidate for the Nobel Prize in Literature.[5]


In 2008, The Times named her on its list of the 50 greatest British writers since 1945.[31]


She was also awarded:

1987–1988: Kingman Committee of Inquiry into the teaching of English Language, (Department of Education and Science)

[6]

1984–1988: Management Committee, (Deputy chairman, 1986, Chairman, 1986–1988)[6]

Society of Authors

1993–1998: Board, (Member of Literature Advisory Panel, 1990–1998)[6]

British Council

2014: , Foreign Honorary Member[58]

American Academy of Arts and Sciences

Works[edit]

Novels[edit]

The following books form a tetralogy known as The Quartet: The Virgin in the Garden (1978), Still Life (1985), Babel Tower (1996) and A Whistling Woman (2002).[6]

Gorski, Hedwig (2018). The Riddle of Correspondences in A. S. Byatt's Possession: A Romance with H. D.'s Trilogy. New Orleans: Jadzia Books.  978-1725926462.

ISBN

Hicks, Elizabeth (2010). The Still Life in the Fiction of A. S. Byatt. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.  978-1-4438-2385-2.

ISBN

Mundler, Helen E. (2003). Intertextualité dans l'œuvre d'A. S. Byatt (Intertextuality in the work of A. S. Byatt). Paris: Harmattan.  2-7475-4084-7.

ISBN

Mundler, Helen E. (2007–2008). (registration required). FAAAM, no. IV "Text & Genesis": 65–77.

"'Time to Murder and Create?' The Bible as Intertext in A. S. Byatt's Elementals: Stories of Fire and Ice"

Edit this at Wikidata

Official website

at British Council: Literature

Dame A. S. Byatt

at the Internet Book List

A. S. Byatt

at Open Library

Works by A. S. Byatt

Audio interviews and readings