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Association football

Association football, commonly known as football, or soccer,[a] is a team sport played between two teams of 11 players each, who primarily use their feet to propel a ball around a rectangular field called a pitch. The objective of the game is to score more goals than the opposing team by moving the ball beyond the goal line into a rectangular-framed goal defended by the opposing team. Traditionally, the game has been played over two 45-minute halves, for a total match time of 90 minutes. With an estimated 250 million players active in over 200 countries and territories, it is the world's most popular sport.

"Soccer" redirects here. For other uses, see Soccer (disambiguation).

Highest governing body

Yes

11 per side (including goalkeeper)

No, separate competitions

Football (or soccer ball)
Football boots
Shin pads
Kits
Gloves (for goalkeepers)

Football pitch (also known as football field, football ground, soccer field, soccer pitch or "pitch")

Worldwide

Men's since the 1900 Olympics and women's since the 1996 Olympics

The game of association football is played in accordance with the Laws of the Game, a set of rules that has been in effect since 1863 and maintained by the IFAB since 1886. The game is played with a football that is 68–70 cm (27–28 in) in circumference. The two teams compete to get the ball into the other team's goal (between the posts, under the bar, and across the goal line), thereby scoring a goal. When the ball is in play, the players mainly use their feet, but may use any other part of their body, except for their hands or arms, to control, strike, or pass the ball. Only the goalkeepers may use their hands and arms, and only then within the penalty area. The team that has scored more goals at the end of the game is the winner. There are situations where a goal can be disallowed, such as an offside call or a foul in the build-up to the goal. Depending on the format of the competition, an equal number of goals scored may result in a draw being declared, or the game goes into extra time or a penalty shoot-out.[5]


Internationally, association football is governed by FIFA. Under FIFA, there are six continental confederations: AFC, CAF, CONCACAF, CONMEBOL, OFC, and UEFA. Of these confederations, CONMEBOL is the oldest one, being founded in 1916. National associations (e.g. The FA or JFA) are responsible for managing the game in their own countries both professionally and at an amateur level, and coordinating competitions in accordance with the Laws of the Game. The most senior and prestigious international competitions are the FIFA World Cup and the FIFA Women's World Cup. The men's World Cup is the most-viewed sporting event in the world, surpassing the Olympic Games.[6] The two most prestigious competitions in European club football are the UEFA Champions League and the UEFA Women's Champions League, which attract an extensive television audience throughout the world. Since 2009, the final of the men's tournament has been the most-watched annual sporting event in the world.[7]

: following a goal by the opposing team, or to begin each period of play.[96]

Kick-off

: when the ball has crossed the touchline; awarded to the opposing team to that which last touched the ball.[131]

Throw-in

: when the ball has wholly crossed the goal line without a goal having been scored and having last been touched by a player of the attacking team; awarded to defending team.[132]

Goal kick

: when the ball has wholly crossed the goal line without a goal having been scored and having last been touched by a player of the defending team; awarded to attacking team.[133]

Corner kick

: awarded to the opposing team following "non-penal" fouls, certain technical infringements, or when play is stopped to caution or dismiss an opponent without a specific foul having occurred. A goal may not be scored directly (without the ball first touching another player) from an indirect free kick.[134]

Indirect free kick

: awarded to fouled team following certain listed "penal" fouls.[134] A goal may be scored directly from a direct free kick.

Direct free kick

: awarded to the fouled team following a foul usually punishable by a direct free kick but that has occurred within their opponent's penalty area.[135]

Penalty kick

: occurs when the referee has stopped play for any other reason, such as a serious injury to a player, interference by an external party, or a ball becoming defective.[96]

Dropped-ball

: Confederación Sudamericana de Fútbol (South American Football Confederation; CONMEBOL)

South America

The recognised international governing body of football (and associated games, such as futsal and beach soccer)[c] is FIFA. The FIFA headquarters are located in Zürich, Switzerland. Six regional confederations are associated with FIFA; these are:[142]


National associations (or national federations) oversee football within individual countries. These are generally synonymous with sovereign states (for example, the Cameroonian Football Federation in Cameroon), but also include a smaller number of associations responsible for sub-national entities or autonomous regions (for example, the Scottish Football Association in Scotland). 211 national associations are affiliated both with FIFA and with their respective continental confederations.[142] Other national associations may be members of continental confederations but otherwise not participate in FIFA competitions.[143]


While FIFA is responsible for arranging competitions and most rules related to international competition, the actual Laws of the Game are set by the IFAB, where each of the UK Associations has one vote, while FIFA collectively has four votes.[46]

List of association football films

List of association football video games

(in English, Arabic, French, German, and Spanish)

Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA)

(in English, French, German, and Spanish)

International Football Association Board (IFAB)

at the Encyclopædia Britannica

Association football

at Curlie

Association football