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Abraham Joshua Heschel

Abraham Joshua Heschel (January 11, 1907 – December 23, 1972) was a Polish-American rabbi and one of the leading Jewish theologians and Jewish philosophers of the 20th century. Heschel, a professor of Jewish mysticism at the Jewish Theological Seminary of America, authored a number of widely read books on Jewish philosophy and was a leader in the civil rights movement.[1][2]

This article is about the Polish-born American philosopher. For the Polish Hasidic rabbi, see Avraham Yehoshua Heshel. For the 17th-century chief rabbi of Krakow, see Avraham Yehoshua Heschel.

Abraham Joshua Heschel

(1907-01-11)January 11, 1907

December 23, 1972(1972-12-23) (aged 65)

Sylvia Straus
(m. 1946)

Theologian, philosopher

Theologian, philosopher

Biography[edit]

Abraham Joshua Heschel was born in Warsaw in 1907, the youngest of six children of Moshe Mordechai Heschel and Reizel Perlow Heschel.[3] He was descended from preeminent European rabbis on both sides of his family.[4] His paternal great-great-grandfather and namesake was Rebbe Avraham Yehoshua Heshel of Apt in present-day Poland. His mother was also a descendant of Avraham Yehoshua Heshel and other Hasidic dynasties. His siblings were Sarah, Dvora Miriam, Esther Sima, Gittel, and Jacob. Their father Moshe died of influenza in 1916 when Abraham was nine. He was tutored by a Gerrer Hasid who introduced him to the thought of Rabbi Menachem Mendel of Kotzk.[5]


After a traditional yeshiva education and studying for Orthodox rabbinical ordination (semicha), Heschel pursued his doctorate at the University of Berlin and rabbinic ordination at the non-denominational Hochschule für die Wissenschaft des Judentums. There he studied under notable scholars including Hanoch Albeck, Ismar Elbogen, Julius Guttmann, Alexander Guttmann, and Leo Baeck. His mentor in Berlin was David Koigen.[6] Heschel later taught Talmud at the Hochschule. He joined a Yiddish poetry group, Jung Vilna, and in 1933, published a volume of Yiddish poems, Der Shem Hamefoyrosh: Mentsch, dedicated to his father.[4]


In late October 1938, while living in a rented room in the home of a Jewish family in Frankfurt, Heschel was arrested by the Gestapo and deported to Poland in the Polenaktion. He spent ten months lecturing on Jewish philosophy and Torah at Warsaw's Institute for Jewish Studies.[4] Six weeks before the German invasion of Poland, Heschel fled Warsaw for London with the help of Julian Morgenstern, president of Hebrew Union College, and Alexander Guttmann, an eventual colleague at the Hebrew Union College, who secretly re-wrote Heschel's ordination certificate to meet American visa requirements.[4]


Heschel's sister Esther was killed in a German bombing. His mother was murdered by the Nazis, and two other sisters, Gittel and Devorah, died in Nazi concentration camps. He never returned to Germany, Austria or Poland. He once wrote, "If I should go to Poland or Germany, every stone, every tree would remind me of contempt, hatred, murder, of children killed, of mothers burned alive, of human beings asphyxiated."[4]


Heschel arrived in New York City in March 1940.[4] He soon left for Cincinnati, serving on the faculty of Hebrew Union College (HUC), the main seminary of Reform Judaism, for five years. In 1946 he returned to New York, taking a position with the Jewish Theological Seminary of America (JTS), the main seminary of Conservative Judaism. He remained with JTS as professor of Jewish ethics and Mysticism until his death in 1972. At the time of his death, Heschel lived near JTS at 425 Riverside Drive in Manhattan.[7]


Heschel married Sylvia Straus, a concert pianist, on December 10, 1946, in Los Angeles. Their daughter, Susannah Heschel, became a Jewish scholar in her own right.[8]

The Earth Is the Lord's: The Inner World of the Jew in Eastern Europe. 1949.  1-879045-42-7

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Man Is Not Alone: A Philosophy of Religion. 1951.  0-374-51328-7

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The Sabbath: Its Meaning for Modern Man. 1951.  1-59030-082-3

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Man's Quest for God: Studies in Prayer and Symbolism. 1954.  0-684-16829-4

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. 1955. ISBN 0-374-51331-7

God in Search of Man: A Philosophy of Judaism

The Prophets. 1962.  0-06-093699-1

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Who Is Man? 1965.  0-8047-0266-7

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Israel: An Echo of Eternity. 1969.  1-879045-70-2

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A Passion for Truth. 1973.  1-879045-41-9

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I asked for Wonder: A spiritual anthology. 1983.  0-824505-42-5

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Heavenly Torah: As Refracted Through the Generations. 2005.  0-8264-0802-8

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Torah min ha-shamayim be'aspaklariya shel ha-dorot; Theology of Ancient Judaism. [Hebrew]. 2 vols. London: Soncino Press, 1962. Third volume, New York: Jewish Theological Seminary, 1995.

The Ineffable Name of God: Man: Poems. 2004.  0-8264-1632-2

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Kotsk: in gerangl far emesdikeyt. [Yiddish]. 2 v. (694 p.) Tel-Aviv: ha-Menorah, 1973. Added t.p.: Kotzk: the struggle for integrity (A Hebrew translation of vol. 1, Jerusalem: Magid, 2015).

Der mizrekh-Eyropeyisher Yid (: The Eastern European Jew). 45 p. Originally published: New-York: Shoken, 1946.

Yiddish

List of peace activists

Abraham Joshua Heschel: Prophetic Witness & Spiritual Radical: Abraham Joshua Heschel in America, 1940–1972, biography by Edward K. Kaplan  0-300-11540-7

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"The Encyclopedia of Hasidism" edited by Rabinowicz, Tzvi M.:  1-56821-123-6 Jason Aronson, Inc., 1996.

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Kaplan, Edward K.; Samuel H. Dresner (1998). Abraham Joshua Heschel: Prophetic Witness. Yale University Press.  978-0-300-07186-3.

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Kaplan, Edward K. (2007). . Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-13769-9.

Spiritual Radical: Abraham Joshua Heschel in America, 1940–1972

David M. Rubenstein Rare Book & Manuscript Library, Duke University.

Guide to the Abraham Joshua Heschel Papers

Heschel's role in Vatican II and his advocacy of interreligious respect

Alan Brill Review of Heavenly Torah

Arnold Jacob Wolf Review of Heavenly Torah

David Blumenthal review of Heavenly Torah

Archived November 16, 2017, at the Wayback Machine The Heschel Center for Environmental Learning and Leadership

About Rabbi A. J. Heschel