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African diaspora

The global African diaspora is the worldwide collection of communities descended from people from Africa, predominantly in the Americas.[39] The African populations in the Americas are descended from haplogroup L genetic groups of native Africans.[40][41] The term most commonly refers to the descendants of the native West and Central Africans who were enslaved and shipped to the Americas via the Atlantic slave trade between the 16th and 19th centuries, with their largest populations in the United States, Brazil, and Haiti (in that order).[42][43] However, the term can also be used to refer to African descendants who immigrated to other parts of the world consensually. Some scholars identify "four circulatory phases" of this migration out of Africa.[44] The phrase African diaspora gradually entered common usage at the turn of the 21st century.[45] The term diaspora originates from the Greek διασπορά (diaspora, "scattering") which gained popularity in English in reference to the Jewish diaspora before being more broadly applied to other populations.[46]

This article is about emigration from Africa in historic times. For prehistoric human migration, see recent African origin of modern humans. For recent migration, see emigration from Africa.

Regions with significant populations

46,936,733 (2020)[1]

20,656,458 (2022) (excluding multiracial people)[2][3]

9,925,365[4]

3,000,000–5,000,000[5]

4,671,160 (including multiracial)[6]

3,500,000[7]

3,370,000[8]

3,171,916 (including Mixed white British and Black African/Caribbean)[9]

2,510,000[10]

1,386,556[11]

1,206,701, 79% being North African[12]

1,198,540[13]

1,140,000, 60% being North African[14]

1,138,471[15][16]

1,087,427[17]

1,080,864[18]

1,034,044[19]

1,000,000[20]

over 1,000,000[21]

828,894 (3.6% of the country's population, not including Afro-Venezuelan immigrants)[22]

452,536[23]

380,000[24]

310,000~700,000[25]

270,853[26]

250,000[27]

225,860[28]

200,406[29][30][31]

149,493[32][33]

108,700[34]

100,000[35]

50,000[36] (est. 2009)

25,000–70,000[37][38]

~1,000

Less commonly, the term has been used in scholarship to refer to more recent emigration from Africa.[47] The African Union (AU) defines the African diaspora as consisting: "of people of native or partial African origin living outside the continent, irrespective of their citizenship and nationality and who are willing to contribute to the development of the continent and the building of the African Union".[48] Its constitutive act declares that it shall "invite and encourage the full participation of the African diaspora as an important part of our continent, in the building of the African Union".[49]

Afro-Caribbeans, Afro-Latin Americans, Black Canadians – descendants of enslaved West Africans brought to the United States, the Caribbean, Central America and South America during the Atlantic slave trade.

African Americans

(Afro-Saudis, Afro-Omanis, Afro-Syrians, Afro-Palestinians, Afro-Iraqis, Afro-Jordanians, etc.), Afro-Iranians, Afro-Turks – descendants of Zanj slaves whose ancestors were brought to the Near East and other parts of Asia during the Indian Ocean slave trade.[63]

Afro-Arabs

– descendants of Zanj slaves whose ancestors were brought to the Indian subcontinent (Pakistan and India). Also referred to as the Makrani in Pakistan.

Siddis

African diaspora populations include but are not limited to:

– There are an estimated 43 million people of black African descent in the United States.

African Americans

– There are an estimated 100  million people of African descent living in Latin America,[91] including 67 million in South America, making up 28% of Brazil's population, if including multiracial mulatto pardo Brazilians. When including Pardo Brazilians, people of African descent make up a majority of the country. Many also have European and Amerindian ancestry, and are also known as pardo, or mixed race. Brazilians who identify as "black" are mixed to a significant degree, and a minority of them even have a majority of European DNA.[92][3] There are also sizeable African-descended populations in Cuba, Haiti, Colombia and Dominican Republic, often with ancestry of other major ethnic groups.

Afro-Latin Americans

– The population in the Caribbean is approximately 23 million. Significant numbers of African-descended people include Haiti – 8 million, Dominican Republic – 7.9 million, and Jamaica – 2.7 million,[93]

Afro-Caribbeans

Africanisms

African Australians

African Diaspora Archaeology Newsletter

African immigration to Europe

Afro-Latin Americans

African diaspora religions

Black-brown unity

Emigration from Africa

Genetic history of the African diaspora

List of topics related to the African diaspora

Omar H. Ali, Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture

"The African Diaspora in the Indian Ocean World"

The History of Black People in Britain

Online exhibits and other resources from the San Francisco-based museum.

"Museum of the African Diaspora"

The African Diaspora Policy Centre (ADPC)