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Guyana

Guyana (/ɡˈɑːnə/ or /ɡˈænə/ ),[11][5] officially the Co-operative Republic of Guyana,[12] is a country on the northern coast of South America, part of the historic mainland British West Indies. Guyana is an indigenous word which means "Land of Many Waters".[13] Georgetown is the capital of Guyana and is also the country's largest city. Guyana is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the north, Brazil to the south and southwest, Venezuela to the west, and Suriname to the east. With a land area of 214,969 km2 (83,000 sq mi),[14] Guyana is the third-smallest sovereign state by area in mainland South America after Uruguay and Suriname, and is the second-least populous sovereign state in South America after Suriname; it is also one of the least densely populated countries on Earth. It has a wide variety of natural habitats and very high biodiversity. The country also hosts a part of the Amazon rainforest, the largest tropical rainforest in the world.

Not to be confused with French Guiana or Ghana.

Co-operative Republic of Guyana

1667–1815

1831–1966

26 May 1966

23 February 1970

1 August 1973

6 October 1980

214,969[4][5][6] km2 (83,000 sq mi) (83rd)

8.4

817,607[7] (166th)

3.502/km2 (9.1/sq mi) (239th)

2023 estimate

Increase $48.514 billion[8] (126th)

Increase $61,098[8] (24th)

2023 estimate

Increase $16.329 billion[8] (135th)

Increase $20,564[8] (48th)

Positive decrease 44.6[9]
medium

Increase 0.742[10]
high (95th)

UTC-4 (AST)

dd-mm-yyyy

The region known as "the Guianas" consists of the large shield landmass north of the Amazon River and east of the Orinoco River known as the "land of many waters". Nine indigenous tribes reside in Guyana: the Wai Wai, Macushi, Patamona, Lokono, Kalina, Wapishana, Pemon, Akawaio and Warao. Historically dominated by the Lokono and Kalina tribes, Guyana was colonised by the Dutch before coming under British control in the late 18th century. It was governed as British Guiana with a mostly plantation-style economy until the 1950s. It gained independence in 1966 and officially became a republic within the Commonwealth of Nations in 1970. The legacy of British rule is reflected in the country's political administration and diverse population, which includes Indian, African, Indigenous, Chinese, Portuguese, other European, and various multiracial groups.


Guyana is the only mainland South American nation in which English is the official language. However, the majority of the population speak Guyanese Creole, an English-based creole language, as a first language. Guyana is part of the Anglophone Caribbean. It is part of the mainland Caribbean region maintaining strong cultural, historical, and political ties with other Caribbean countries as well as serving as the headquarters for the Caribbean Community (CARICOM). In 2008, the country joined the Union of South American Nations as a founding member.


In 2017, 41% of the population of Guyana lived below the poverty line.[15] Guyana's economy has been undergoing a transformation since the discovery of crude oil in 2015 and commercial drilling in 2019, with its economy growing by 49% in 2020, making it, by some accounts, currently the world's fastest-growing economy. As it is said to have 11 billion barrels in oil reserves,[16] the country was on course to become one of the largest per capita oil producers in the world by 2025.[17] The discovery of over 11 billion barrels of oil reserves off the coast of Guyana since 2017 is the largest addition to global oil reserves since the 1970s.[18] Guyana is now ranked as having the fourth-highest GDP per capita in the Americas after the United States, Canada, and The Bahamas, and has been one of the countries with the most improvement in Human Development Index ranking since 2015. According to the World Bank in 2023, very significant poverty still exists and the country faces significant risks in structurally managing its growth.[19]

Etymology[edit]

The name "Guyana" derives from Guiana, an earlier name for a larger region that included the areas now called Guyana (British Guiana), Suriname (Dutch Guiana), French Guiana, the Guayana Region in Venezuela (Spanish Guyana), and Amapá in Brazil (Portuguese Guiana). According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the name "Guyana" comes from an indigenous Amerindian language and means "land of many waters".[20] The word Co‑operative in the official name refers to co-operative socialism.

GDP: US$4.121 billion ($5,252 per capita, 2019 est.)

[8]

GDP growth rate: 86.7% (2020)[42]

[8]

Inflation: 5.03% (2021)

[43]

Unemployment: 16.42% (2021)

[43]

Arable land: 2% (2018 estimate)

[43]

Labour force: 324,943 (2019)

[44]

Agricultural produce: sugar, rice, vegetable oils, beef, pork, poultry, dairy products, fish, shrimp

[43]

Industrial production: bauxite, sugar, rice milling, timber, textiles, gold mining

[43]

Exports: US$4.64 billion; United States 40%, Singapore 14%, United Arab Emirates 6%, United Kingdom 6%, Barbados 6% (2021)

[43]

Imports: US$6.611 billion; Singapore 33%, United States 19%, Trinidad and Tobago 12%, China 8%, Brazil 2% (2021)

[43]

: A historic Anglican Cathedral made of wood.[115]

St George's Anglican Cathedral

: The world's fourth-longest floating bridge.[116]

Demerara Harbour Bridge

: The world's sixth-longest floating bridge.

Berbice Bridge

: Houses the headquarters of the largest and most powerful economic union in the Caribbean.

Caribbean Community (CARICOM) Building

: Situated on Providence on the east bank of the Demerara River and built in time for the ICC World Cup 2007, it is the largest sports stadium in the country. It is also near the Providence Mall, forming a major spot for leisure in Guyana.

Providence Stadium

:[117] Presented as a gift from the People's Republic of China to the Government of Guyana. It is the only one of its kind in the country.

Arthur Chung Conference Centre

: A large cast-iron colonial structure that looked like a statue was located next to the Demerara River.[115]

Stabroek Market

: A beautiful wooden structure also from the colonial era.[115]

Georgetown City Hall

: A bridge across the Takutu River, connecting Lethem in Guyana to Bonfim in Brazil.[118]

Takutu River Bridge

: An Amerindian benab, that is a national monument built in 1972, for a meeting of the Foreign Ministers of the Non-Aligned nations (It was rebuilt in 2016).[119]

Umana Yana

: Approximately 140 km long beach. In some parts beach consists of pure shells, very high biological diversity. Important nesting site for 8 species of sea turtles.[115]

Shell Beach

: Parliament Building currently houses the seat of the National Assembly of the Government of Guyana. Located in Stabroek, facing Brickdam and bordered by Hadfield Street, High Street, and Cornhill Street [120]

Parliament Building of Guyana

Index of Guyana-related articles

Outline of Guyana

Petroleum industry in Guyana

Tourism in Guyana

(official website).

Office of the President, Republic of Guyana

(official website).

Parliament of the Cooperative Republic of Guyana

Wikimedia Atlas of Guyana

Geographic data related to at OpenStreetMap

Guyana

from the BBC News.

Country Profile

from the Encyclopædia Britannica.

Guyana

at UCB Libraries GovPubs.

Guyana

at Curlie

Guyana

The State of the World's Midwifery, Archived 15 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine.

Guyana Country Profile

from International Futures.

Key Development Forecasts for Guyana