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Prohibition

Prohibition is the act or practice of forbidding something by law; more particularly the term refers to the banning of the manufacture, storage (whether in barrels or in bottles), transportation, sale, possession, and consumption of alcoholic beverages. The word is also used to refer to a period of time during which such bans are enforced.

This article is about prohibition of alcohol. For prohibition of other drugs, see Drug prohibition. For the general concept of legal prohibition, see Prohibitionism. For other uses, see Prohibition (disambiguation).

Prince Edward Island

1907 to 1992 in the ; limited private imports from Denmark were allowed from 1928

Faroe Islands

1914 to 1925: [7]

Prohibition in the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union

1915 to 1935: (wine legal from 1922, but beer still prohibited until 1989)[8]

Prohibition in Iceland

1916 to 1927 in Norway (fortified wine and beer were also prohibited from 1917 to 1923)

1919 in the , March 21 to August 1; called szesztilalom

Hungarian Soviet Republic

1919 to 1932 in Finland (called kieltolaki, "ban law")

1920 to 1933:

Prohibition in the United States

Some kind of limitation on the trade in alcohol can be seen in the Code of Hammurabi (c. 1772 BCE) specifically banning the selling of beer for money. It could only be bartered for barley: "If a beer seller do not receive barley as the price for beer, but if she receive money or make the beer a measure smaller than the barley measure received, they shall throw her into the water."[1]


In the early twentieth century, much of the impetus for the prohibition movement in the Nordic countries[2] and North America came from moralistic convictions of pietistic Protestants.[3] Prohibition movements in the West coincided with the advent of women's suffrage, with newly empowered women as part of the political process strongly supporting policies that curbed alcohol consumption.[4][5]


The first half of the 20th century saw periods of prohibition of alcoholic beverages in several countries:


After several years, prohibition failed in North America and elsewhere. Rum-running or bootlegging became widespread, and organized crime took control of the distribution of alcohol. Distilleries and breweries in Canada, Mexico and the Caribbean flourished as their products were either consumed by visiting Americans or illegally exported to the United States. Detroit and Chicago became notorious as havens for prohibition dodgers during the time known as the Roaring Twenties - 75% of all alcohol smuggled into the United States crossed the Detroit-Windsor border.[9] Prohibition generally came to an end in the late 1920s or early 1930s in most of North America and Europe, although a few locations continued prohibition for many more years.


In some countries where the dominant religion forbids the use of alcohol, the production, sale, and consumption of alcoholic beverages is prohibited or restricted today. For example, in Saudi Arabia and Libya alcohol is banned; in Pakistan and Iran it is illegal with exceptions.[10]

Effects[edit]

Generally, prohibition is not completely effective, and tends to drive the market underground instead.[11] Most countries which have maintained long-standing alcohol bans have predominantly Muslim populations whose religious beliefs forbid them from drinking, but the broad popularity of alcohol has meant prohibition is extremely difficult to enforce in most nations. The vast majority of countries which have at one point fully prohibited alcohol have since reversed it. Both the United States and Soviet Union implemented total bans on alcohol only to repeal them after less than 15 years.

Elections[edit]

In many countries in Latin America, the Philippines, Thailand, Turkey, India, and several US states, the sale but not the consumption of alcohol is prohibited before and during elections.[75][76]

Barrows, Susanna, Robin Room, and Jeffrey Verhey (eds.), The Social History of Alcohol: Drinking and Culture in Modern Society (Berkeley, Calif: Alcohol Research Group, 1987).

Barrows, Susanna, and Robin Room (eds.), Drinking: Behavior and Belief in Modern History University of California Press, (1991).

Blocker, Jack S., David M. Fahey, and Ian R. Tyrrell eds. Alcohol and Temperance in Modern History: An International Encyclopedia 2 Vol. (2003).

Blocker, JS Jr. (Feb 2006). . Am J Public Health. 96 (2): 233–43. doi:10.2105/ajph.2005.065409. PMC 1470475. PMID 16380559.

"Did prohibition really work? Alcohol prohibition as a public health innovation"

Cherrington, Ernest ed., Standard Encyclopaedia of the Alcohol Problem 6 volumes (1925–1930), comprehensive international coverage to late 1920s.

online

Cherrington, Ernest. America and the world liquor problem (1922)

online