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Analytic philosophy

Analytic philosophy is a broad, contemporary movement or tradition within Western philosophy and especially anglophone philosophy, focused on analysis.[a][b] Analytic philosophy is characterized by a style of clarity of prose and rigor in arguments, making use of formal logic and mathematics, and, to a lesser degree, the natural sciences.[3][4][c][d][e] It is further characterized by an interest in language and meaning known as the linguistic turn.[8][f][g][h] It has developed several new branches of philosophy and logic, notably philosophy of language, philosophy of mathematics, philosophy of science, modern predicate logic and mathematical logic.[12]

The proliferation of analysis in philosophy began around the turn of the 20th century and has been dominant since the latter half of the 20th century.[13][14][15][i] Central figures in its historical development are Gottlob Frege, Bertrand Russell, G. E. Moore, and Ludwig Wittgenstein. Other important figures in its history include Franz Brentano, the logical positivists (particularly Rudolf Carnap), the ordinary language philosophers, W. V. O. Quine, and Karl Popper. After the decline of logical positivism, Saul Kripke, David Lewis, and others led a revival in metaphysics.


Analytic philosophy is often contrasted with continental philosophy,[j] coined as a catch-all term for other methods, prominent in continental Europe,[k] most notably existentialism, phenomenology, and Hegelianism.[l][m][n] There is widespread influence and debate between the analytic and continental traditions; some philosophers see the differences between the two traditions as being based on institutions, relationships, and ideology rather than anything of significant philosophical substance.[22][23] The distinction has also been drawn as analytic is academic or technical philosophy, while continental is literary philosophy.[o][p]

For the sentence 'the cat is asleep', the is of means that "x is P" (denoted as P(x)).

predication

For the sentence 'there is a cat', the is of existence means that "there is an x" (∃x).

For the sentence 'three is half of six', the is of identity means that "x is the same as y" (x=y).

which investigates moral terms and concepts;[79]

Meta-ethics

which examines and produces normative ethical judgments;

Normative ethics

which investigates how existing normative principles should be applied to difficult or borderline cases, often cases created by new technology or new scientific knowledge.

Applied ethics

Aristotle,

Metaphysics

Desmet, Ronald; Irvine, Andrew David (2022). . The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. Retrieved 1 April 2024.

"Alfred North Whitehead"

Dummett, Michael (1993). . Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-64473-1.

The Origins of Analytical Philosophy

Geach, P., Mental Acts, London 1957

Kane, Robert (2005). . Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-514970-8. Retrieved 13 April 2020.

A Contemporary Introduction to Free Will

Kenny, A.J.P., Wittgenstein, London 1973.

Loux, Michael J.; Crisp, Thomas M. (2017). Metaphysics: A Contemporary Introduction (4 ed.). Routledge.  978-1-138-63933-1.

ISBN

Palmer, Clare (1998). . Clarendon Press. ISBN 978-0-19-826952-6. Archived from the original on 2 April 2024. Retrieved 4 April 2024.

Environmental Ethics and Process Thinking

Aaron Preston. . Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy.

"Analytic philosophy"

Soames, Scott. Philosophical Analysis in the Twentieth Century: Volume 1, The Dawn of Analysis. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2003.

van Inwagen, Peter (1983). . Clarendon Press. ISBN 978-0-19-824924-5. Retrieved 27 December 2012.

An Essay on Free Will

Wittgenstein,

Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus

The Archived 23 September 2009 at the Wayback Machine offers many suggestions on what to read, depending on the student's familiarity with the subject: Frege, Russell, and Wittgenstein

London Philosophy Study Guide

Hirschberger, Johannes. A Short History of Western Philosophy, ed. Clare Hay. . ISBN 978-0-7188-3092-2

Short History of Western Philosophy, A

Hylton, Peter. Russell, Idealism, and the Emergence of Analytic Philosophy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990.

Passmore, John. A Hundred Years of Philosophy, revised ed. New York: Basic Books, 1966.

Weitz, Morris, ed. Twentieth Century Philosophy: The Analytic Tradition. New York: Free Press, 1966.

. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy.

"Analytic philosophy"

(ed.). "Conceptions of Analysis in Analytic Philosophy". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.

Zalta, Edward N.

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Analytic philosophy