Katana VentraIP

Anglo-Irish people

Anglo-Irish people (Irish: Angla-Éireannach) denotes an ethnic, social and religious grouping who are mostly the descendants and successors of the English Protestant Ascendancy in Ireland.[4] They mostly belong to the Anglican Church of Ireland, which was the established church of Ireland until 1871, or to a lesser extent one of the English dissenting churches, such as the Methodist church, though some were Roman Catholics. They often defined themselves as simply "British", and less frequently "Anglo-Irish", "Irish" or "English".[5] Many became eminent as administrators in the British Empire and as senior army and naval officers since the Kingdom of England and Great Britain were in a real union with the Kingdom of Ireland for over a century, before politically uniting into the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland in 1801.

"Anglo-Irish" redirects here. For the medieval Anglo-Irish, see Old English (Ireland). For the bank, see Anglo Irish Bank. For Anglo-Irish poetry, see Irish poetry.

The term is not usually applied to Presbyterians in the province of Ulster, whose ancestry is mostly Lowland Scottish, rather than English or Irish, and who are sometimes identified as Ulster-Scots or Orangemen. The Anglo-Irish hold a wide range of political views, with some being outspoken Irish Nationalists, but most overall being Unionists. And while most of the Anglo-Irish originated in the English diaspora in Ireland, others were descended from families of the old Gaelic nobility of Ireland.[6]

Lord High Treasurer of Ireland, father of scientist Robert Boyle.

The 1st Earl of Cork

second-last Lord Chancellor of Ireland and first Cathoirleach (or Chairman) of the Irish Senate (1922).

The 1st Baron Glenavy

owner of the Slane Castle rock venue and candidate for Fine Gael in recent Irish general elections.

The 8th Marquess Conyngham

of Gaelic Irish descent; head of the Guinness family who sat in the Irish Senate (1973–1977).

The 3rd Earl of Iveagh

founder of the Rehabilitation Institute and close associate of former Taoiseach (Prime Minister) Charles Haughey.

Valerie, Lady Goulding

Impresario at the Gate Theatre in Dublin in the 1950s.

The 6th Earl of Longford

(who succeeded his brother (above) in the Earldom), British Labour Cabinet minister, biographer and friend of Éamon de Valera.

The 7th Earl of Longford

astronomer and builder of the then-largest telescope in the world.

The 3rd Earl of Rosse

author.

The 18th Baron of Dunsany

Irish peer.

Edmond Roche, 1st Baron Fermoy

17th-century statesman, served as Lord Deputy of Ireland on two occasions and commanded Royalist forces in Ireland in the Irish Confederate Wars negotiating with the Irish Confederates on behalf of Charles I.

The 1st Duke of Ormonde

6th Baron Inchiquin (1618–1674), of Gaelic Irish descent; a Parliamentary commander in the Irish Confederate Wars (1644–1648) before changing sides to become one of the leaders of the Royalist troops in Ireland during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms and the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland (1649–53).

Murrough, 1st Earl of Inchiquin

The 1st Duke of Wellington, Anglo-Irish general who fought many successful campaigns and defeated Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo. He later became Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.

Field Marshal

Following the English victory in the Nine Years' War (1594–1603), the "Flight of the Earls" in 1607, the traditional Gaelic Irish nobility was displaced in Ireland, particularly in the Cromwellian period. By 1707, after further defeat in the Williamite War and the subsequent Union of England and Scotland, the aristocracy in Ireland was dominated by Anglican families who owed allegiance to the Crown. Some of these were Irish families who had chosen to conform to the established Church of Ireland, keeping their lands and privileges, such as the Dukes of Leinster (whose surname is FitzGerald, and who descend from the Hiberno-Norman aristocracy), or the Gaelic Guinness family. Some were families of British or mixed-British ancestry who owed their status in Ireland to the Crown, such as the Earls of Cork (whose surname is Boyle and whose ancestral roots were in Herefordshire, England).


Among the prominent Anglo-Irish peers are:


Until the year 1800, the peers of Ireland were all entitled to a seat in the Irish House of Lords, the upper house of the Parliament of Ireland, in Dublin. After 1800, under the provisions of the Act of Union, the Parliament of Ireland was abolished and the Irish peers were entitled to elect twenty-eight of their number to sit in the British House of Lords, in London, as Irish representative peers. During the Georgian Era, titles in the peerage of Ireland were often granted by the British monarch to Englishmen with little or no connection to Ireland, as a way of preventing such honours from inflating the membership of the British House of Lords.[21]


A number of Anglo-Irish peers have been appointed by Presidents of Ireland to serve on their advisory Council of State. Some were also considered possible candidates for presidents of Ireland, including:

Normans in Ireland

Surrender and regrant

Hiberno-English

Ulster Scots people

Plantation of Ulster

Unionism in Ireland

Catholic Unionist

Protestant Irish nationalists

Souperism

English diaspora

Reform Movement

Confederate Ireland

Jacobitism

Irish Unionist Alliance

West Brit

Ireland–United Kingdom relations

Irish migration to Great Britain

Baron Baltimore

Derry

Miler Magrath

Samuel Beckett