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Australia–China relations

Consular relations between China and Australia were first established in 1909, and diplomatic relations were established in 1941. Australia continued to recognize the Republic of China (ROC) government after it lost the Chinese Civil War and retreated to Taiwan in 1949, but switched recognition to the People's Republic of China (PRC) on 21 December 1972. Chinese Australians have been a significant minority group in the country since the Qing dynasty.

Chinese Embassy, Canberra

Ambassador Xiao Qian

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The relationship between China and Australia has grown considerably over the years. They have strong political, economic, and cultural ties, including through multilateral organizations such as APEC, East Asia Summit and the G20. In 2023, Australia expressed its tentative support for China's application for membership of the CPTPP.[1] China is Australia's largest two-way trading partner, and the China-Australia Free Trade Agreement has been in effect since 2015. Numerous Australian companies operate in China and Chinese firms have invested in Australian mining companies. Australia is also one of the most popular destinations for overseas higher education and tourism among Chinese people.

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China–Australia Migratory Bird Agreement

Daigou § Australia

Diplomatic history of Australia

Foreign relations of China

Sino-Pacific relations

Abbondanza, Gabriele, The Geopolitics of Australia in the New Millennium: the Asia-Pacific Context (Aracne, 2013)

Beeson, M & J. Zeng. "Realistic Relations: How the Evolving Bilateral Relationship is Understood in China and Australia" Pacific Focus (2017) 32:159–181.

Bergami, Roberto, Anna Gontmakher, and Lucie Tichá. "Australia's need for economic decoupling from China." Scientific Conference INPROFORUM Vol. 8. (2020).

online

Chai, Tommy Sheng Hao. "How China attempts to drive a wedge in the US-Australia alliance." Australian Journal of International Affairs 74.5 (2020): 511–531.

Clarke, Michael, Jennifer S. Hunt, and Matthew Sussex. "Shaping the post-liberal order from within: China's influence and interference operations in Australia and the United States." Orbis 64.2 (2020): 207–229.

Fung, Edmund S.K. and Colin MacKerras, From Fear to Friendship: Australia's Policies Towards the People's Republic of China, 1966–1982 (University of Queensland Press, 1985)

Garver, John W. China's Quest: The History of the Foreign Relations of the People's Republic of China (2016); little on Australia

Goodman, David S. G. "Australia and the China threat: Managing ambiguity." Pacific Review 30.5 (2017): 769–782.

Hamilton, Clive. Silent Invasion: China's Influence in Australia (Hardie Grant, 2018)

excerpt

Köllner, Patrick. "Australia and New Zealand recalibrate their China policies: convergence and divergence." Pacific Review (2019): 1–32.

online

Liu, Kerry. "Chinese Influence in Australia: What Do Financial Markets Tell Us?." East Asia 38.1 (2021): 1-20. . Concludes: "China's economic coercion (if any) may not be effective, and Australia's responses to Chinese influence and interference (if any) may generate insignificant costs."

online

Macklin, Robert. Dragon and Kangaroo: Australia and China's Shared History from the Goldfields to the Present Day (Hachette Australia, 2018) popular history

Medcalf, Rory. "Australia and China: Understanding the reality check." Australian Journal of International Affairs 73.2 (2019): 109–118.

Mitcham, Chad J. China's Economic Relations with the West and Japan, 1949–79: Grain, Trade and Diplomacy (Routledge, 2005).

Pan, Guangyi, and Alexander Korolev, "The struggle for certainty: Ontological security, the rise of nationalism, and Australia-China tensions after COVID-19." Journal of Chinese political science 26.1 (2021): 115–138.

online

Patience, A. "'Fear and Greed'? Australia Relations with China" in Australian Foreign Policy in Asia (Palgrave Macmillan, Cham, 2018). pp. 183–213.

Peters, Michael. Regulating the Rise of China: Australia's Foray into Middle Power Economics (Springer 2019) on Rudd's caution re Chinese mining investment.

Roggeveen, Sam. "Australia Is Making a Risky Bet on the U.S."

The New Yorkl Times Sept. 20, 2021

Schreer, Benjamin. "Why US-Sino strategic competition is good for Australia." Australian Journal of International Affairs 73.5 (2019): 431–448.

Sheftalovich, Zoya, and Stuart Lau, "How Xi Jinping lost Australia: Canberra went from welcoming the ‘Asian Century’ to arming itself with nuclear-powered submarines in less than a decade of the Chinese president's rule."

POLITICO Sept 27, 2021

Suri, Navdeep. "Australia-China Relations: The Great Unravelling," (ORF Issue Brief No. 366, June 2020, Observer Research Foundation.)

online

Taylor, Antony. "Chinese Emigration to Australia around 1900: A Re‐examination of Australia's ‘Great White Walls’." History Compass 11.2 (2013): 104-116.

Wang, Yi. Australia-China Relations post 1949: Sixty Years of Trade and Politics (Routledge, 2012)

Watt, Alan. The Evolution of Australian Foreign Policy 1938–1965, (Cambridge UP, 1967)

Wilson, Jeffrey D. "Resource nationalism or resource liberalism? Explaining Australia's approach to Chinese investment in its minerals sector." Australian Journal of International Affairs 65.3 (2011): 283–304.

online

China embassy, China-Australian relations

Australian embassy in Beijing

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