Chinese Civil War
The Chinese Civil War was fought between the Kuomintang-led government of the Republic of China and the forces of the Chinese Communist Party, with armed conflict continuing intermittently from 1 August 1927 until 7 December 1949, resulting in a Communist victory and control of mainland China in the Chinese Communist Revolution.
For other uses, see Chinese Civil War (disambiguation).
The war is generally divided into the First Kuomintang-Communist Civil War and the Second Kuomintang-Communist Civil War with an interlude: from August 1927 to 1937, the KMT–CCP Alliance collapsed during the Northern Expedition, and the Nationalists controlled most of China. From 1937 to 1945, hostilities were mostly put on hold as the Second United Front fought the Japanese invasion of China with eventual help from the Allies of World War II, although co-operation between the KMT and CCP during this time was minimal and armed clashes between the groups were common. Exacerbating the divisions within China further was the formation of a puppet government, sponsored by Japan and ostensibly led by Wang Jingwei, which was established to nominally govern the regions of China that came under Japanese occupation.
The civil war resumed as soon as it became apparent that Japanese defeat was imminent, with the communists gaining the upper hand in the second phase of the war from 1945 to 1949.
The Communists gained control of mainland China and proclaimed the People's Republic of China in 1949, forcing the leadership of the Republic of China to retreat to the island of Taiwan.[13] Starting in the 1950s, a lasting political and military standoff between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait has ensued, with the ROC in Taiwan and the PRC in mainland China both claiming to be the legitimate government of all China. After the Second Taiwan Strait Crisis, both tacitly ceased to engage in open conflict in 1979; however, no armistice or peace treaty has ever been signed.[14]
Second National Revolutionary War (Mainland China)
Dìèrcì Guónèi Gémìng Zhànzhēng
Dìèrcì Guónèi Gémìng Zhànzhēng
Dìsāncì Guónèi Gémìng Zhànzhēng
Dìsāncì Guónèi Gémìng Zhànzhēng
Jiěfàng Zhànzhēng
Jiěfàng Zhànzhēng
chia-fhon-tsan-zen
gaai2 fong3 zin3 zang1
kái-hòng chiàn-cheng
Fǎngòng Kānluàn Zhànzhēng
Fǎngòng Kānluàn Zhànzhēng
Zhōngguó Rénmín Jiěfàng Zhànzhēng
Zhōngguó Rénmín Jiěfàng Zhànzhēng
The situation in China in 1929: After the Northern Expedition, the KMT had direct control over east and central China, while the rest of China proper as well as Manchuria was under the control of warlords loyal to the Nationalist government.
Map showing the communist-controlled Soviet Zones of China during and after the encirclement campaigns
Route(s) taken by Communist forces during the Long March
A Communist leader addressing survivors of the Long March
Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek, Commander-in-Chief of the National Revolutionary Army, emerged from the Northern Expedition as the leader of the Republic of China
NRA soldiers marching
NRA troops firing artillery at Communist forces
