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Bereavement in Judaism

Bereavement in Judaism (Hebrew: אֲבֵלוּת, avelut, "mourning") is a combination of minhag (traditions) and mitzvah (commandments) derived from the Torah and Judaism's classical rabbinic literature. The details of observance and practice vary according to each Jewish community.

Mourners[edit]

In Judaism, the principal mourners are the first-degree relatives: parent, child, sibling, and spouse.[1] There are some customs that are specific to an individual mourning a parent.


Religious laws concerning mourning do not apply to those under thirteen years of age, nor do they apply when the deceased is aged 30 days or less.[2]

Avel (plural Avelim) – mourner(s)

Avelut

– burial society

Chevra kadisha

– eulogy

Hesped

– said by a mourner (or by someone else, on behalf of ...)

Qaddish

– tearing. Timing varies by custom. At times deferred to funeral chapel or at the cemetery

Qeriah

– burial

Qvura

– funeral service. The word means "escort(ing)."

Levaya

L'Illui Nishmat – Hebrew for , sometimes abbreviated LI"N

elevation of the soul

– monument or tombstone. See also Unveiling of the tombstone

Matzevah

Petira – passing

– watching or guarding of the body until burial, to ensure it is not left unaccompanied

Shemira

– purification (by water) of the body

Tahara

– Yiddish for anniversary of the (Hebrew / Jewish) date of passing

Yahrzeit

it is both for the deceased and the living, and should appropriately praise the person's good deeds.

[18]

to make us cry

[19]

Kaddish (on the mourner's part)

Charity – Tzedakah

[59]

Dissemination of Torah learning[61] and other mitzvot

[60]

Joint Tehillim Reading

[62]

Personal study and review, especially of . The same letters that spell the Hebrew word MiShNaH (משנה) spell the Hebrew word for "soul", NeShaMaH נשמה).

Mishnah

Saying of brachos on food and drink, or sponsoring said food (Tikkun)

- A day of mourning for the destruction of both the First and Second Temple in Jerusalem and other events

Tisha B'Av

Shemini Atzeret, final day of Pesach, Shavuot - The four days on which Yizkor is recited

Yom Kippur

- Fast day on which it has become a custom for some to say Kaddish for those whose yahrzeits are unknown or who were murdered in the Holocaust

Tenth of Tevet

- National day of remembrance in Israel (and by many Jews worldwide) for those murdered in the Holocaust as well as for the Righteous Among the Nations

Yom HaShoah

- National day of remembrance in Israel for those who died in service of Israel or were killed in terrorist attacks

Yom Hazikaron

Chevra kadisha

Heaven in Judaism

Honorifics for the dead in Judaism

Jewish eschatology

Kaddish

(disambiguation page), Hebrew word for heritage or estate widely used for toponyms in Israel

Nahala

Rock-cut tombs in ancient Israel

Shiva

Yahrtzeit candle

Yizkor definition

Afsai, Shai, " Archived 2021-09-27 at the Wayback Machine," New English Review, December 2018.

The Shomer

Brener, Anne, Mourning and Mitzvah: A Guided Journal for Walking the Mourner's Path Through Grief to Healing, Jewish Lights/Turner Publishing, 3rd Edition (2017). Fully revised with a new author's preface, epilogue and new guided exercises.

Diamant, Anita, Saying Kaddish: How to Comfort the Dying, Bury the Dead, and Mourn as a Jew. Schocken Books, 1999.

Goodman, Arnold M., A Plain Pine Box: A Return to Simple Jewish Funerals and Eternal Traditions, Ktav Publishing House, 2003.

The Jewish Mourners Book of Why, Jonathan David Publishers, 1993.

Kolatch, Alfred J.

Kelman, Stuart, Chesed Shel Emet: Guidelines for Taharah, EKS Publishing Co, 2003.

Klein, Isaac, A Guide to Jewish Religious Practice, Ktav Publishing House, 1979.

Lamm, Maurice, The Jewish Way in Death and Mourning, Jonathan David Publishers, 2000. Available in print; also available for free .

online

Riemer, Jack, So That Your Values Live On – Ethical Wills and How to Prepare Them, Jewish Lights Publishing, 1991.

Riemer, Jack, Jewish Insights on Death and Mourning, Syracuse University Press, 2002.

Syme, Daniel B. and Sonsino, Rifat, What Happens After I Die? Jewish Views of Life After Death, URJ Press, 1990.

Wolfson, Ron, A Time to Mourn, A Time to Comfort: A Guide to Jewish Bereavement and Comfort, Jewish Lights Publishing, Woodstock, Vermont. 1996.

Wolpe, David, Making Loss Matter – Creating Meaning in Difficult Times, Penguin, 1999.

in The Jewish Encyclopedia

"Mourning"