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Bislama

Bislama (English: /ˈbɪsləmɑː/ BISS-lə-mah;[2] Bislama: [bislaˈma]; also known by its earlier French name, bichelamar[3] [biʃlamaʁ]) is an English-based creole language and one of the official languages of Vanuatu. It is the first language of many of the "Urban ni-Vanuatu" (citizens who live in Port Vila and Luganville) and the second language of much of the rest of the country's residents. The lyrics of "Yumi, Yumi, Yumi", the country's national anthem, are composed in Bislama.

This article is about the language. For the food, see sea cucumber (food).

Bislama

10,000 (2011)[1]
200,000 L2 speakers

52-ABB-ce

More than 95% of Bislama words are of English origin, whilst the remainder comprises a few dozen words from French as well as some specific vocabulary inherited from various languages of Vanuatu—although these are essentially limited to flora and fauna terminology.[4] While the influence of these vernacular languages is low on the vocabulary side, it is very high in the morphosyntax. As such, Bislama can be described simply as a language with an English vocabulary and an Oceanic grammar and phonology.[5]

Long as 'next to', 'by', 'beside' etc.

Stoa long haos
The store next to the house.

long as 'at' or 'to'

Mi bin stap long ples ia bifo
I have been to this place before.
Mi stap long stoa
I am at the store.

long as 'in'

Jea long haos
The chair in the house.

sapos + Clause : if

Dialectal variations[edit]

Dialects exist, based mainly on different pronunciations in different areas which stem from the different sounds of the native languages. The future tense marker can be heard to be said as: Bambae, Mbae, Nambae, or Bae. There are also preferences for using Bislama or native words that vary from place to place, and most people insert English, French, or local language words to fill out Bislama. So in the capital city it is common to hear 'computer'; in other places one might hear 'ordinateur'.

Camden, William (1979). "Parallels in structure and lexicon and syntax between New Hebrides Bislama and the South Santo language spoken at Tangoa". Papers in Pidgin and Creole Linguistics, No. 2. Vol. A-57. pp. 51–117. :10.15144/PL-A57.51.

doi

Charpentier, Jean-Michel (1979). Le pidgin bislama(n) et le multilinguisme aux Nouvelles-Hébrides. . Vol. 35. Paris: Societe d'etudes linguistiques et anthropologiques de France.

Langues et civilisations à tradition orale

(1990). Beach-la-Mar to Bislama: The Emergence of a National Language in Vanuatu. Oxford Studies in Language Contact. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 422..

Crowley, Terry

(1995). An Illustrated Bislama-English and English-Bislama Dictionary. Oxford Studies in Language Contact. Port Vila: Pacific Languages Unit and Vanuatu Extension Centre, University of the South Pacific. p. 478.

Crowley, Terry

(2000). "The language situation in Vanuatu". Current Issues in Language Planning. 1 (1): 47–132. doi:10.1080/14664200008668005. S2CID 144268250.

Crowley, Terry

(2004). Bislama Reference Grammar. Oceanic Linguistics Special Publication No. 31. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press.

Crowley, Terry

(2012). "The dynamics of linguistic diversity: Egalitarian multilingualism and power imbalance among northern Vanuatu languages". International Journal of the Sociology of Language (214): 85–110. doi:10.1515/ijsl-2012-0022. S2CID 145208588.

François, Alexandre

; Charpentier, Jean-Michel (2004). Pacific Pidgins and Creoles: Origins, Growth and Development. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. ISBN 3-11-016998-3.

Tryon, Darrell T.

Bislama Wikipedia

a portal of resources about the Bislama language.

Bislama.org

English – Bislama online translator and MS Word dictionary

Bislama Translator & Spelling Dictionary for Microsoft Word

at Curlie

Bislama

– news in English and Bislama

Vanuatu Daily Post

Archived 2009-11-12 at the Wayback Machine, from an Australian National University website

A bibliography of Bislama

Archived 2015-01-13 at the Wayback Machine

Peace Corps in Vanuatu – Bislama Language Lessons

Preabuk long Bislama

Portions of the Book of Common Prayer in Bislama

Book of Mormon in Bislama

has a number of collections that include recordings of Bislama language.

Paradisec