Brown Eyed Girl
"Brown Eyed Girl" is a song by Northern Irish singer and songwriter Van Morrison. Written by Morrison and recorded in March 1967 for Bang Records owner and producer Bert Berns, it was released as a single in June of the same year on the Bang label, peaking at No. 10 on the Billboard Hot 100. The song spent a total of sixteen weeks on the chart.[2] It featured the Sweet Inspirations singing back-up vocals and is considered to be Van Morrison's signature song.[3]
This article is about the Van Morrison song. For the song "Brown-Eyed Girl", see The Golliwogs. For the Tevin Campbell song, see I'm Ready (Tevin Campbell album). For the South Korean girl group, see Brown Eyed Girls.Recording and title[edit]
After finishing his contract with Decca Records and the mid-1966 break-up of his band, Them, Morrison returned to Belfast seeking a new recording company. When he received a phone call from Bert Berns, owner of Bang Records, who had produced a number of recordings with Them, he flew to New York City and hastily signed a contract (which biographer Clinton Heylin says probably still gives him sleepless nights).[4] During a two-day recording session starting 28 March 1967, he recorded eight songs intended to be used as four singles.[5] The recording session took place at A & R Studios and "Brown Eyed Girl" was captured on the 22nd take on the first day.[6] Of the musicians Berns had assembled, there were three guitarists – Eric Gale, Hugh McCracken,[7][8] and Al Gorgoni – plus bassist Russ Savakus and organist Garry Sherman, as well as Gary Chester on drums.[9] It was released as a single in mid-June 1967.[10]
Originally titled "Brown-Skinned Girl",[11] Morrison changed it to "Brown Eyed Girl" when he recorded it. Morrison remarked on the title change: "That was just a mistake. It was a kind of Jamaican song. Calypso. It just slipped my mind [that] I changed the title."[12] "After we'd recorded it, I looked at the tape box and didn't even notice that I'd changed the title. I looked at the box where I'd lain it down with my guitar and it said 'Brown Eyed Girl' on the tape box. It's just one of those things that happen."[13][14]
Composition[edit]
The song's nostalgic lyrics about a former love were considered too suggestive at the time to be played on many radio stations. A radio-edit of the song was released which removed the lyrics "making love in the green grass", replacing them with "laughin' and a-runnin', hey hey" from a previous verse. This edited version appears on some copies of the compilation album The Best of Van Morrison. However, the remastered album seems to have the bowdlerised lyrics in the packaging but the original "racy" lyrics on the disc. Lyrically, it "shows early hints of the idealized pastoral landscapes that would flow through his songs through the decades, a tendency that links him to the Romantic poets, whom Morrison has cited as an influence".[15]
Aftermath[edit]
Because of a contract he signed with Bang Records without legal advice, Morrison states that he has never received any royalties for writing or recording this song.[16] The contract made him liable for virtually all recording expenses incurred for all of his Bang Records recordings before royalties would be paid.[17] Morrison vented frustration about this unjust contract in his sarcastic nonsense song "The Big Royalty Check". Morrison has stated that "Brown Eyed Girl" is not among his favourite songs, remarking "it's not one of my best. I mean I've got about 300 songs that I think are better".[18]
To capitalise on the success of the single, producer Berns assembled the album Blowin' Your Mind! without Morrison's input or knowledge. Released in September 1967, the album contained the single as its lead-off track as well as songs recorded by Morrison at the March recording sessions for Berns. The album peaked at No. 182 on the Billboard 200.[19]
Critical acclaim and influence[edit]
In a contemporaneous review, Billboard described the single as an "exciting debut" and a "groovy piece of original rock material that should fast establish [Morrison] as a top disk seller and writer".[25] Cash Box said that "scores of deejays and consumers should dig this hard, thumping lid."[26] Record World said that Morrison "socks across 'Brown Eyed Girl' with plenty of beat."[27]
In his 1989 book The Heart of Rock and Soul, The 1001 Greatest Singles Ever, Dave Marsh rated "Brown Eyed Girl" No. 386.[28] In 1999, Broadcast Music, Inc. (BMI) listed it as one of the Top 100 Songs of the Century.[29] In 2000, it was listed at No. 21 on the Rolling Stone/MTV list of 100 Greatest Pop Songs[30] and as No. 49 on VH1's list of the 100 Greatest Rock Songs.[31] In 2001, it was ranked No. 131 as one of the RIAAs Songs of the Century, a list of the top 365 songs of the 20th century chosen with historical significance in mind.[32][33]
In 2010, "Brown Eyed Girl" was ranked No. 110 on the Rolling Stone magazine list of 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.[34] It was listed as No. 79 on the All Time 885 Greatest Songs compiled by WXPN from listeners' votes.[35] In January 2007, "Brown Eyed Girl" was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame.[36] It is also one of The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's 500 Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll.[37]
The musicians include:[9]
"Brown Eyed Girl"
"Mas zachate"
May 1972
1972
Sound Factory (Hollywood)
3:11
Don Buday
"Steamboat"
May 1976
1976
Quadrofonic Studio, Nashville
3:51
Norbert Putnam, Glen Spreen
Other versions[edit]
An Adult Contemporary hit (No. 13) for Jimmy Buffett as recorded for his One Particular Harbour album (1983),[53] "Brown Eyed Girl" was a 1984 C&W hit for Joe Stampley (No. 29).[53]
"Brown Eyed Girl" has been performed by a wide variety of other artists, including Adele,[54]John Anderson,[55] the Black Sorrows,[56] Busted,[56] Billy Ray Cyrus,[57] Ellert Driessen (nl),[56] Everclear,[56] Caroline Jones,[58] Roberto Jordán (as "La Chica De Los Ojos Cafés" Spanish),[59] Bertie Higgins,[60] Ronan Keating,[61] Brian Kennedy,[62] Lagwagon,[63] Glen Medeiros,[56] Reel Big Fish,[64] Johnny Rivers,[56] Shooting Gallery,[65] Bruce Springsteen,[66] Steel Pulse,[56] U2[67] and Els Pets.[68]