Bunny Wailer
Neville O'Riley Livingston OM OJ (10 April 1947 – 2 March 2021), known professionally as Bunny Wailer, was a Jamaican singer-songwriter and percussionist. He was an original member of reggae group The Wailers along with Bob Marley and Peter Tosh. A three-time Grammy Award winner, he is considered one of the longtime standard-bearers of reggae music. He was also known as Jah B,[2] Bunny O'Riley,[3] and Bunny Livingston.[4]
Bunny Wailer
Neville O'Riley Livingston
Bunny Livingston
Bunny O'Riley
2 March 2021 (aged 73)
Saint Andrew Parish, Jamaica[1]
- Singer
- songwriter
- musician
1960–2020
Early life and family[edit]
Wailer was born Neville O'Riley Livingston on 10 April 1947 in Kingston.[5] He spent his earliest years in the village of Nine Mile in Saint Ann Parish. It was there that he first met Bob Marley, and the two young boys befriended each other quickly.[6] The boys both came from single-parent families; Livingston was brought up by his father, Marley by his mother.[7][8] Later, Wailer's father Thaddeus "Thaddy Shut" Livingston lived with Marley's mother Cedella Booker in Trenchtown and had a daughter with her named Pearl Livingston.[8] Peter Tosh had a son, Andrew Tosh, with Wailer's sister Shirley, making Andrew his nephew.[9]
The Wailers[edit]
Wailer had originally gone to audition for Leslie Kong at Beverley's Records in 1962, around the same time his step-brother Bob Marley was cutting "Judge Not". Wailer had intended to sing his first composition, "Pass It On", which at the time was more ska-oriented. However, Wailer was late getting out of school and missed his audition.[10] A few months later, in 1963, he formed "The Wailing Wailers" with Marley and friend Peter Tosh, and the short-term members Junior Braithwaite and Beverley Kelso.[11][12] Wailer tended to sing lead vocals less often than Marley and Tosh in the early years, but when Marley left Jamaica in 1966 for Delaware in the US, and was briefly replaced by Constantine "Vision" Walker, Wailer began to record and sing lead vocals on some of his own compositions, such as "Who Feels It Knows It", "I Stand Predominant", and "Sunday Morning".[13] Wailer's style of music was influenced by gospel music and the soul singer Curtis Mayfield.[14][15] In 1967, he recorded "This Train", based on a gospel standard, for the first time, at Studio One.[16][17]
Wailer was arrested on charges of possession of cannabis in June 1967 and served a 14-month prison sentence.[18] Around this time he, Bob Marley, and Peter Tosh signed an exclusive recording agreement with Danny Sim's JAD Records[19] and an exclusive publishing agreement with Sim's music publishing company Cayman Music.[20]
As the Wailers regularly changed producers in the late 1960s, Wailer continued to contribute songs to the group's repertoire. The music critic Kwame Dawes says that Wailer's song lyrics were carefully crafted and literary in style, and he remained a key part of the group's distinctive harmonies.[21][22] Wailer sang lead on such songs as "Dreamland"[14] (a cover of El Tempos' "My Dream Island",[5] which soon became his signature song[23]) "Riding High", "Brainwashing",[14] and in the bridge of the Wailers' song, "Keep On Moving" (sung in the style of Curtis Mayfield of the Impressions), produced by Lee "Scratch" Perry.[24] In 1971, the Wailers recorded Bunny Wailer's song "Pass It On", which he said he wrote in 1962;[10] it was released as a dubplate mix on JAD's "Original Cuts" compilation.[25] This version of the song features different lyrics and music in the verses to the later versions of "Pass It On" – Wailer would later reuse these in "Innocent Blood". By 1973, each of the three founding Wailers operated his own label, Marley with Tuff Gong,[26] Tosh with H.I.M. Intel Diplo,[27] and Bunny Wailer with Solomonic.[28] He sang lead vocals on "Reincarnated Souls", the B-side of the Wailers first Island single of the new era, and on two tracks on the Wailers last trio LP, "Burnin'": "Pass it On" and "Hallelujah Time". By now he was recording singles in his own right, cutting "Searching For Love", "Life Line", "Trod On", "Arab Oil Weapon", and "Pass It On" (a new recording of the Wailers song) for his own label.[29]
Bunny Wailer toured with the Wailers in England and the United States, but soon became reluctant to leave Jamaica. He and Tosh were more marginalised in the group as the Wailers attained international success, and attention was increasingly focused on Marley. Wailer subsequently left the Wailers in 1973[30] and adopted the name "Bunny"[31][32] in pursuit of a solo career after balking when Chris Blackwell wanted the Wailers to tour freak clubs in the United States, stating that it was against his Rastafari principles.[33] Before leaving the Wailers, Wailer had become more focused on his spiritual faith. He identified with the Rastafari movement, as did the other Wailers. He also composed much of his own material as well as re-recording a number of cuts from the Wailers' catalogue. Wailer recorded primarily in the roots style, in keeping with his often political and spiritual messages; his album Blackheart Man was well received.[31] According to the journalist Peter Mason, writing in the Guardian newspaper, Blackheart Man "is widely felt to be one of reggae’s highest peaks".[34]
Health and death[edit]
In October 2018, Wailer suffered a minor stroke, resulting in speech problems.[51] After suffering another stroke in July 2020, he was hospitalized at Andrews Memorial Hospital in Kingston, Jamaica, where he eventually died on 2 March 2021 at the age of 73,[1][52][53] of complications from the stroke he suffered the previous year.[54]