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Burundian Civil War

The Burundian Civil War was a civil war in Burundi lasting from 1993 to 2005. The civil war was the result of longstanding ethnic divisions between the Hutu and the Tutsi ethnic groups. The conflict began following the first multi-party elections in the country since its independence from Belgium in 1962, and is seen as formally ending with the swearing-in of President Pierre Nkurunziza in August 2005. Children were widely used by both sides in the war.[8] The estimated death toll stands at 300,000.[7]

Truth and Reconciliation Commission[edit]

In 2014 the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) was established to investigate crimes committed during ethnic violence since independence in 1962, overseen by Pierre Claver Ndayicariye.[63][64]

Eriksson, Mikael; Wallensteen, Peter; Sollenberg, Margareta (September 2003). "Armed Conflict, 1989–2002". . 40 (5). Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE Publishing: 593–607. doi:10.1177/00223433030405006. JSTOR 3648363. S2CID 110338545.

Journal of Peace Research

Lansford, Tom (2017). . London: CQ Press. ISBN 9781506327150.

Political Handbook of the World 2016-2017. Volume 1

(January 2006). "Briefing: Burundi: A Peaceful Transition after a Decade of War?". African Affairs. 105 (418). Oxford: Oxford University Press: 117–135. doi:10.1093/afraf/adi092. JSTOR 3518791.

Reyntjens, Filip

(PDF). 13 (7(A)). New York City: Human Rights Watch. December 2001. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

"To Protect the People: the Government-sponsored "self-defense" program in Burundi"

Ngaruko, Floribert; Nkurunziza, Janvier D. (2005). "Civil War and Its Duration in Burundi". In Paul Collier; Nicholas Sambanis (eds.). . Washington, D.C.: World Bank. pp. 35–62. ISBN 978-0-8213-6047-7.

Understanding Civil War: Africa. Evidence and Analysis

(2009). Africa's World War : Congo, the Rwandan Genocide, and the Making of a Continental Catastrophe: Congo, the Rwandan Genocide, and the Making of a Continental Catastrophe. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-970583-2.

Prunier, Gérard

Stephanie Schwartz. 2019. "" International Security.

Home, Again: Refugee Return and Post-Conflict Violence in Burundi.

Chronology for Hutus in Burundi

at BBC World Service

A Heroine of the Burundian Civil War