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Caucasus Emirate

The Caucasus Emirate (Chechen: Имарат Кавказ, ИК, romanized: Imarat Kavkaz, IK; Russian: Кавказский эмират, romanized: Kavkazskiy emirat), also known as the Caucasian Emirate, Emirate of Caucasus, or Islamic Emirate of the Caucasus,[9] was a jihadist organisation active in rebel-held parts of Syria and previously in the North Caucasus region of Russia. Its intention was to expel the Russian presence from the North Caucasus and to establish an independent Islamic emirate in the region.[10] The Caucasus Emirate also referred to the state that the group sought to establish.[4][11][12] The creation of Caucasus Emirate was announced on 7 October 2007, by Chechen warlord Dokka Umarov, who became its first self-declared "emir".[13]

Caucasus Emirate

Dokka Umarov †[1]
Aliaskhab Kebekov †
Magomed Suleimanov †

7 October 2007 (7 October 2007)[2]

August 2016 (August 2016)

North Caucasus, West Asia

Pan-Islamism[3]
Salafist-Takfiri Jihadism[4][5]
Separatism[4]
Islamic fundamentalism[4]
Anti-imperialism[4]

«Победа или рай»
(transl. "Victory or Heaven")[6]

Insurgency in Ingushetia
Insurgency in the North Caucasus

Steady Fewer than 1,500 (2010 est.)[7]

Mujahideen in Chechnya
Riyad-us Saliheen

Second Chechen War
Syrian civil war[8]

By late 2015, the group no longer had a visible presence in the North Caucasus, as most of its members defected to the local Islamic State affiliate, Vilayat Kavkaz.[14]

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(Chechnya) Self proclaimed capital city was Dzokhar-Ghala (Chechen: Джохар-ГӀала) (Grozny)

Vilayat Nokhchicho

(Ingushetia and North Ossetia) Self proclaimed capital city was Magas (Ingush: Магас), until 9 May 2009, and Buro (Ingush: Буро) (Vladikavkaz) from 9 May 2009

Vilayat Galgayche

(Adygea and southern part of Krasnodar Krai) Self proclaimed capital city was Miequapa (Adyghe: Мыекъуапэ) (Maykop)

Vilayat Cherkessia

Vilayat Nogai Steppe (Stavropol Krai and northern part of Krasnodar Krai) Self proclaimed capital city was Nogai-Shakhar (: Ногай-Шахар) (Stavropol)

Nogai

(Dagestan) Self proclaimed capital city was Shamilkala (Russian: Шамилькала) (Makhachkala)

Vilayat Dagestan

(Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay-Cherkessia) Self proclaimed capital cities were Nalshik (Kabardian: Налшык), Tirniawuz (Karachay-Balkar: Тырныаўуз), Qarachay shakhar(Karachay-Balkar: Къарачай шахар)

United Vilayat of Kabarda-Balkaria-Karachay

(North Ossetia) Self proclaimed capital city was Dzhikhadqæw (Ossetian: Джихадхъæу/Джихадгъæу) (Vladikavkaz) was abolished in 2009 in a decree issued by Umarov that subsumed it into Vilayat Galgayche[37]

Vilayat Iriston

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External relations[edit]

Western countries[edit]

In the same October 2007 statement in which Umarov proclaimed the Caucasian Emirate, he also described the United States, Great Britain and Israel as common enemies of Muslims worldwide.[46] However, on November 20, 2007, Anzor Astemirov, then head of the Vilayat KBK, said that "Even if we wanted to threaten America and Europe every day, it is clear for anybody who understands politics that we do not have any real clashes of interests [with the West]. The people in the White House know very well that we have nothing to do with America at the moment." In his statement, Astemirov not only described the Caucasian rebels' threats against the West as empty, but also even asked the United States for assistance in their fight against "Russian aggression".[47] Following its criticism, many rebel websites removed the phrase that regarded Western countries as enemies.[48]

The Caucasus Emirate claimed responsibility for the in an online statement describing it as an "act of sabotage", and part of a series of operations targeting strategic sites in Russia.[61]

2009 Nevsky Express bombing

The which left 40 people dead, and over 100 injured were ordered by Doku Umarov.[62]

2010 Moscow Metro bombings

In December 2010, Austrian police arrested a Chechen refugee on suspicion of planning an attack on NATO targets. "Belgian authorities suspect a group of Chechen extremists, who were seeking to set up a religious state in northern Chechnya, planned to attack NATO facilities in Belgium," Interior Ministry spokesman Rudolf Gollia said.

[63]

The Caucasus Emirate claimed responsibility for the , which killed at least 36 people.[64]

Domodedovo International Airport bombing

The group was the prime suspect in the that occurred on 3 May 2012 and killed at least 13 people.[65]

2012 Makhachkala attack

After it was revealed that the perpetrators in the were ethnic Chechens, Vilayat Dagestan denied any link to the bombing or the Tsarnaev brothers and stated that it was at war with Russia, not the United States. It also said that it had sworn off violence against civilians since 2012.[66][67] The statement said, "The Command of the Province of Dagestan indicates in this regard that the Caucasian Mujahideen are not fighting against the United States of America. We are at war with Russia, which is not only responsible for the occupation of the Caucasus, but also for heinous crimes against Muslims. Also, remember that even in respect to the enemy state of Russia, which is fighting the Caucasus Emirate, there is an order by the Emir Dokku Umarov, which prohibits strikes on civilian targets.[68] In July 2013, Doku Umarov released a video message rescinding his prior directions not to attack civilians, declaring that the Russians had construed the declaration as a sign of weakness and had stepped up attacks in the North Caucasus.[69]

Boston Marathon bombing

The was blamed on the group.[70]

October 2013 Volgograd bus bombing

The Emirate's Vilayat Dagestan claimed responsibility for the . The suicide bombings killed 34 people.[71]

December 2013 Volgograd bombings

The Caucasus Emirate took credit for a 5 October 2014 suicide bombing near the Grozny city hall. Five Russian police officers and the suicide bomber were killed, 12 other people were wounded.

[72]

on 4 December 2014 between police and members of the Caucasus Emirate in Grozny left dozens dead.[73]

Clashes

Caucasian Imamate

Islamic State – Caucasus Province

North Caucasian Emirate

Hahn, Gordon H. Archived 2013-06-26 at the Wayback Machine, Centre for Strategic and International Studies, 1 September 2011

Getting the Caucasus Emirate Right

International Crisis Group, October 2012.

"The North Caucasus: The Challenges of Integration (II), Islam, the Insurgency and Counter-Insurgency"

Rhodes, Darion. Archived 2014-09-03 at the Wayback Machine, International Institute for Counter-Terrorism, March 2014

Salafist-Takfiri Jihadism: the Ideology of the Caucasus Emirate

Schaefer, Robert W. (2011), The Insurgency in Chechnya and the North Caucasus: From Gazavat to Jihad, Praeger Security International,  0-31338-634-X

ISBN

Media related to Caucasus Emirate at Wikimedia Commons

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