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Chattanooga, Tennessee

Chattanooga (/ˌætəˈnɡə/ CHAT-ə-NOO-gə) is a city in and the county seat of Hamilton County, Tennessee, United States. It is located along the Tennessee River, and borders Georgia to the south. With a population of 181,099 in 2020,[9] it is Tennessee's fourth-largest city and one of the two principal cities of East Tennessee, along with Knoxville. It anchors the Chattanooga metropolitan area, Tennessee's fourth-largest metropolitan statistical area,[10] as well as a larger three-state area that includes Southeast Tennessee, Northwest Georgia, and Northeast Alabama.

"Chattanooga" redirects here. For other uses, see Chattanooga (disambiguation).

Chattanooga

United States

1839[3]

150.08 sq mi (388.70 km2)

142.35 sq mi (368.69 km2)

7.73 sq mi (20.01 km2)

676 ft (206 m)

181,099

142nd in the United States
4th in Tennessee

1,272.19/sq mi (491.20/km2)

398,569 (US: 105th)

1,366.4/sq mi (527.6/km2)

562,647 (US: 101st)

Chattanoogan

37401-37412, 37414-37416, 37419, 37421-37422, 37424, 37450

47-14000[8]

1307240[5]

Chattanooga was a crucial city during the American Civil War, due to the multiple railroads that converge there.[11] After the war, the railroads allowed for the city to grow into one of the Southeastern United States' largest heavy industrial hubs. Today, major industry that drives the economy includes automotive, advanced manufacturing, food and beverage production, healthcare, insurance, tourism, and back office and corporate headquarters.[10] Chattanooga remains a transit hub in the present day, served by multiple Interstate highways and railroad lines. It is 118 miles (190 km) northwest of Atlanta, Georgia, 112 miles (180 km) southwest of Knoxville, Tennessee, 134 miles (216 km) southeast of Nashville, Tennessee, 102 miles (164 km) east-northeast of Huntsville, Alabama, and 147 miles (237 km) northeast of Birmingham, Alabama.


Divided by the Tennessee River, Chattanooga is at the transition between the ridge-and-valley Appalachians and the Cumberland Plateau, both of which are part of the larger Appalachian Mountains. Its official nickname is the "Scenic City", alluding to the surrounding mountains, ridges, and valleys. Unofficial nicknames include "River City", "Chatt", "Nooga", "Chattown", and "Gig City", the latter a reference to its claims that it has the fastest internet service in the Western Hemisphere.[12][13]


Chattanooga is internationally known from the 1941 hit song "Chattanooga Choo Choo" by Glenn Miller and his orchestra. It is home to the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga (UTC) and Chattanooga State Community College.

Culture and tourism[edit]

Attractions[edit]

Chattanooga touts many attractions, including the Tennessee Aquarium, caverns, and new waterfront attractions along and across the Tennessee River. In the downtown area is the Chattanooga Choo Choo Hotel, housed in the renovated Terminal Station. Also downtown are the Creative Discovery Museum, a hands-on children's museum dedicated to science, art, and music; an IMAX 3D Theatre, and the newly expanded Hunter Museum of American Art. The Tennessee Riverwalk, an approximately 13-mile-long (21 km) trail running alongside the river, is another attraction for both tourists and residents alike.


Across the river from downtown is the North Shore district, roughly bounded by the Olgiati Bridge to the west and Veterans Bridge to the east. The newly renovated area draws locals and tourists to locally owned independent boutique stores and restaurants, plus attractions along the Chattanooga Riverpark system, including Coolidge Park and Renaissance Park.[135][136]


The Chattanooga Zoo at Warner Park is at 301 North Holtzclaw Avenue, a short distance from the downtown area. Hours of operation are from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. every day. In 1937, the first small exhibit was "established with the construction of a 4x6' cage for two Rhesus Monkeys."[137] The Zoo has since grown, as in 2017, "the Zoo kicked off the year with the announcement of the Kits and Cubs Program, which is a unique early childhood learning program designed specifically for the youngest of animal lovers."[137] And in May 2017, "the Zoo broke ground to expand the Corcovado Jungle exhibit adding six new outdoor and six new indoor exhibits to house small South American monkeys and mammals in June."[137] Parks and natural scenic areas provide other attractions. The red-and-black painted "See Rock City" barns along highways in the Southeast are remnants of a now-classic Americana tourism campaign to attract visitors to the Rock City tourist attraction in nearby Lookout Mountain, Georgia. The mountain is also the site of Ruby Falls and Craven's House.[138] The Lookout Mountain Incline Railway is a steep funicular railway that rises from the St. Elmo Historic District to the top of the mountain, where passengers can visit the National Park Service's Point Park and the Battles for Chattanooga Museum.[139] Formerly known as Confederama, the museum includes a diorama that details the Battle of Chattanooga. From the military park, visitors can enjoy panoramic views of Moccasin Bend and the Chattanooga skyline from the mountain's famous "point" or from vantage points along the well-marked trail system.[140]


Near Chattanooga, the Raccoon Mountain Reservoir, Raccoon Mountain Caverns, and Reflection Riding Arboretum and Botanical Garden boast a number of outdoor and family fun opportunities. Other arboretums include Bonny Oaks Arboretum, Cherokee Arboretum at Audubon Acres, and Cherokee Trail Arboretum. The Ocoee River, host to a number of events at the 1996 Atlanta Olympics, features rafting, kayaking, camping, and hiking. Just outside Chattanooga is the Lake Winnepesaukah amusement park. The Cumberland Trail begins in Signal Mountain, just outside Chattanooga.

channel 3, NBC affiliate (DT 13 / cable 4)

WRCB

channel 6, independent (formerly UPN) (silent)

WOOT-LD

channel 9, ABC/Fox affiliate (DT 9 / cable 10)

WTVC

channel 12, CBS affiliate (DT 8 / cable 13)

WDEF

channel 18, GPB affiliate (DT 4 / cable 12)

WNGH

channel 23, TBN affiliate (DT 28 / cable 9)

WELF

W26BE channel 26, affiliate (cable 295)

3ABN

channel 45, PBS member station (DT 35 / cable 5)

WTCI

channel 53, The CW/MyNetworkTV affiliate (Formerly UPN and The WB) (DT 23 / cable 6)

WFLI-TV

channel 61, This TV affiliate (DT 14 / cable 11)

WDSI

Education[edit]

Primary and secondary education[edit]

Most of Chattanooga's primary and secondary education is funded by the government. The public schools in Chattanooga, as well as Hamilton County, have fallen under the purview of the Hamilton County Schools since the 1997 merger of the urban Chattanooga City Schools system and the mostly rural Hamilton County Schools system.[259][260] The Howard School was the first public school in the area, established in 1865 after the Civil War.[261] Tyner High School (now Tyner Academy) was the first secondary school built east of Missionary Ridge in 1907. It is now the home of Tyner Middle Academy. The Chattanooga School for the Arts and Sciences, the STEM School Of Chattanooga and the Chattanooga High School Center for Creative Arts are additional public magnet schools.


The city is home to several well-known private and parochial secondary schools, including Baylor School, Boyd-Buchanan School, Chattanooga Christian School, Girls Preparatory School, McCallie School, and Notre Dame High School. The Siskin Children's Institute in Chattanooga is a specialized institution in the field of early childhood special education.[262]

(also unofficially known as The East Ridge Tunnels), which carry Ringgold Road (US 41/76) into the neighboring city of East Ridge.

Bachman Tubes

Missionary Ridge Tunnels (also unofficially known as McCallie or Brainerd Tunnels), which carry McCallie and Bailey Avenues (US 11/64) through where the route continues as Brainerd Road.

Missionary Ridge

Stringer's Ridge Tunnel, which carries Cherokee Boulevard through Stringer's Ridge where the route continues as Dayton Boulevard.

Wilcox Tunnel, which carries Wilcox Boulevard through Missionary Ridge and connects to Shallowford Road.

Up Lookout Mountain on the Electric Incline (1913)

[294]

Battle Fields Around Chattanooga (1913)

[295]

The Blue and the Gray (1935)

[296]

Our Country (2003)

[297]

John Henry: Inside the Sculptors Studio (2008)

[298]

Let There Be Light: The Odyssey of Dark Star (2010)

[299]

Memphis & Charleston Railroad: Marriage of the Waters (2010)

[300]

Born and Bred (2011)

[301]

When Mourning Breaks (2013)

[302]

Apulia, Italy (2014)

Manfredonia

Greater Accra Region, Ghana (2022)

Accra

Benwood Foundation

Chattanooga, Rome and Columbus Railroad

Lyndhurst Foundation

The Steele Home Orphanage

Underground Chattanooga

4 ships

USS Chattanooga

YMCA of Metropolitan Chattanooga

Armstrong, Zella. The History of Hamilton County and Chattanooga, Tennessee. (2 vol 1931; reprint The Overmountain Press, 1992)

Crutchfield, Jennifer. Chattanooga Landmarks: Exploring the History of the Scenic City (The History Press, 2010)

Desmond, Jerry R. Chattanooga (Arcadia Publishing, 1996)

Downey, Fairfax. Storming of the Gateway: Chattanooga, 1863 (D. McKay Company, 1960)

Ezzell, Tim. Chattanooga, 1865-1900: A City Set Down in Dixie (University of Tennessee Press; 2014) 212 pages; focuses on economic and political development

Govan, Gilbert E., and James W. Livingood. "Chattanooga Under Military Occupation, 1863-1865." Journal of Southern History (1951) 17#1 pp: 23–47.

in JSTOR

Hubbard, Rita L. African Americans of Chattanooga: A History of Unsung Heroes (The History Press, 2007)

Livingood, James Weston. Chattanooga: An Illustrated History (Windsor Publications, 1981)

Scott, Michelle R. Blues Empress in Black Chattanooga: Bessie Smith and the Emerging Urban South (University of Illinois Press, 2008)

Official website

Visit Chattanooga

Chattanooga Area Chamber of Commerce

. Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 6 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 7–8.

"Chattanooga" 

at Curlie

Chattanooga