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Convention (norm)

A convention is a set of agreed, stipulated, or generally accepted standards, social norms, or other criteria, often taking the form of a custom.

In a social context, a convention may retain the character of an "unwritten law" of custom (for example, the manner in which people greet each other, such as by shaking each other's hands). Certain types of rules or customs may become law and sometimes they may be further codified to formalize or enforce the convention (for example, laws that define on which side of the road vehicles must be driven).


In physical sciences, numerical values (such as constants, quantities, or scales of measurement) are called conventional if they do not represent a measured property of nature, but originate in a convention, for example an average of many measurements, agreed between the scientists working with these values.

General[edit]

A convention is a selection from among two or more alternatives, where the rule or alternative is agreed upon among participants. Often the word refers to unwritten customs shared throughout a community. For instance, it is conventional in many societies that strangers being introduced shake hands. Some conventions are explicitly legislated; for example, it is conventional in the United States and in Germany that motorists drive on the right side of the road, whereas in Australia, New Zealand, Japan, Nepal, India and the United Kingdom motorists drive on the left. The standardization of time is a human convention based on the solar cycle or calendar. The extent to which justice is conventional (as opposed to natural or objective) is historically an important debate among philosophers.


The nature of conventions has raised long-lasting philosophical discussion. Quine, Davidson, and David Lewis published influential writings on the subject. Lewis's account of convention received an extended critique in Margaret Gilbert's On Social Facts (1989), where an alternative account is offered. Another view of convention comes from Ruth Millikan's Language: A Biological Model (2005), once more against Lewis.


According to David Kalupahana, The Buddha described conventions—whether linguistic, social, political, moral, ethical, or even religious—as arising dependent on specific conditions. According to his paradigm, when conventions are considered absolute realities, they contribute to dogmatism, which in turn leads to conflict. This does not mean that conventions should be absolutely ignored as unreal and therefore useless. Instead, according to Buddhist thought, a wise person adopts a Middle Way without holding conventions to be ultimate or ignoring them when they are fruitful.[1]

[2]

Click heels together, while saluting in some military contexts

[4]

In most places it's always polite to ask before kissing or hugging, this is called .[5]

public display of affection

A property norm is to place things back where we found them.

A property norm is used to identify which are accepted as money.[6][7]

commodities

A can refer to a personal or a social norm.[8] Most cultures have social norms regarding sexuality, and define normal sexuality to consist only of certain sex acts between individuals who meet specific criteria of age, consanguinity, race/ethnicity, and/or social role and socioeconomic status. In the west outside the traditional norm between consenting adults what is considered not normal is what falls under what is regarded as paraphilia or sexual perversion.

sexual norm

A form of , polygyny or polyandry, is right or wrong in a given society,[9][10][11] as is homosexual marriage considered wrong in many of the societies. An religious more for an example is that a woman or man must not cohabitate, live together, when romantically involved until they have gotten married. Adultery is considered wrong that is not violating sexual fidelity when there is union of a couple in marriage.

marriage

A men's and women's .[12]

dress code

Avoid using rude hand gestures like pointing at people, , offensive language etc.,[12]

swear words

A woman's [13] in some societies

curtsey

In the Middle East, never displaying the sole of the foot toward another, as this would be seen as a grave insult.

In many schools, though seats for students are not assigned they are still "claimed" by certain students, and sitting in someone else's seat is considered an insult.

[14]

To when something is done for us.[15]

reciprocate

norms,[16] like asking to be excused from the gathering's table, be ready to pay for your bill particularly in the case you asked people to dinner, it is a faux pas to refuse an offer of food as a guest.

Etiquette

norms, not to limit access to them by women who require it, some cultures limit contraception.[17][18][19][20]

Contraception

restrictions on access or as popularly accepted in the culture[21] where it is used as an example alcohol, nicotine, cannabis and hashish, there is a disincentive and prohibition for controlled substances where use and sale is prohibited like MDMA and party drugs.

Recreational drug use

The belief that certain forms of are unethical because they take something away from the person by restrictions and by being ostracised. Furthermore, can "Restrict women's and girls' rights, access to empowerment opportunities and resources".[22]

discrimination

A person has a for the aged persons within the family.[2] This is particularly true in countries of Asia. Much of aged care falls under unpaid labor.

duty of care

Refuse to favor known persons, as this would be an abuse of power relationship.

Do not make a if you know that you can not keep it.[2]

promise

Do not ask for money if you know that you can not pay it back to that person or place.

"Practice honesty and not deceive the innocent with false promises to obtain economic benefits or gratuities."

[2]

It is suitable to make a in the United States, when prompted to in some social contexts.[23][24]

pledge of allegiance

An , or gentleman's agreement, is an informal and legally non-binding agreement between two or more parties. We follow through on our business dealings, when we say we will do something then we do it and will not falter to do so.[2]

gentlemen's agreement

Do not divulge the privacy of others.

[2]

Treat friends and family non-violently, be faithful and honest in a couple, to treat with respect the beliefs, activities or aims of our parents, show respect for beliefs, religious and cultural symbols of others.

[2]

Tolerate and respect people with functional diversity, particularly when they wish to integrate in a game or sports equipment. Also tolerate different points of view than your own, even if contrary, and do not try and change their beliefs by force.

[2]

Give the seat to people with children, pregnant or elderly, in public and private transportation.

[2]

Face the front, do not go elevator surfing, and do not push extra buttons in an elevator or stand too close to someone if there are few people.

[12]

In a library, it is polite to have talk in the same noise volume as that of a classroom.

In a cinema, it is correct to not talk during a movie because people are there to watch the film, also it is correct to not have phones on as the light and sound will distract other patrons.

[25]

If you are going to be , notify friends or acquaintances if you will be late.[25]

punctual

If you cannot show up to an outing, restaurant, theater, cinema, etc., it's proper to give the reason over your phone or address sometime prior.

[25]

It is a norm to speak one at a time.

[25]

A is a special promise. It made in a religious sense or in ceremonies such as in marriages when there is a couple who are being promised to marriage called "marriage vows", they are also promising one another to be faithful and take care of their children.[26]

religious vow

Helping somebody in need, in may be for social responsibility or to prevent harm, like in the parable of the Good Samaritan.

[27]

Do not go to a non-fast food restaurant or bar unless you have enough to make a good , depending on the place.[28]

tip

People under 21 cannot buy alcohol

[25]

A Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English

Conventional electrical unit

Conventional insulin therapy

Conventional landing gear

Conventional pollutant

Conventional sex

Conventional superconductor

Conventional treatment

Conventional tillage

Conventional wastewater treatment

Conventional wisdom

Conventionalism

Conventionally grown

De facto standard

Non-conventional trademark

Standard (disambiguation)

Trope (literature)

Unconventional computing

Unconventional superconductor

Unconventional wind turbines

Rescorla, Michael (2007) – Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy

Convention

– an index of important international conventions

Law-Ref.org