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Cordon sanitaire (medicine)

A cordon sanitaire (French pronunciation: [kɔʁdɔ̃ sanitɛʁ], French for "sanitary cordon") is the restriction of movement of people into or out of a defined geographic area, such as a community, region, or country.[1] The term originally denoted a barrier used to stop the spread of infectious diseases. The term is also often used metaphorically, in English, to refer to attempts to prevent the spread of an ideology deemed unwanted or dangerous,[2] such as the containment policy adopted by George F. Kennan against the Soviet Union (see cordon sanitaire in politics).

Origin[edit]

The term cordon sanitaire dates to 1821, when the Duke de Richelieu deployed French troops to the border between France and Spain, to prevent yellow fever from spreading into France.[3][4]

In 1523, during a outbreak in Birgu, the town was cordoned off by guards to prevent the disease from spreading to the rest of Malta.[9]

plague

respond to a pressing public or social need (health)

pursue a legitimate aim (prevent the spread of infectious disease)

proportionately

be the required for achieving the purpose of the limitation

least restrictive means

be provided for and carried out in accordance with the law

be neither arbitrary nor discriminatory

only limit rights that are within the jurisdiction of the state seeking to impose the limitation.

[47]

Guidance on when and how human rights can be restricted to prevent the spread of infectious disease is found in the Siracusa Principles, a non-binding document developed by the Siracusa International Institute for Criminal Justice and Human Rights and adopted by the United Nations Economic and Social Council in 1984.[46] The Siracusa Principles state that restrictions on human rights under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights must meet standards of legality, evidence-based necessity, proportionality, and gradualism, noting that public health can be used as grounds for limiting certain rights if the state needs to take measures "aimed at preventing disease or injury or providing care for the sick and injured." Limitations on rights (such as a cordon sanitaire) must be "strictly necessary," meaning that they must:


In addition, when a cordon sanitaire is imposed, public health ethics specify that:


Finally, the state is ethically obligated to guarantee that:

A cordon sanitaire was used as a plot device by in his 1947 novel The Plague.

Albert Camus

In the 1995 film , an Ebola-like virus brought from Africa causes an epidemic in a small town in California, resulting in the United States Army forming a cordon sanitaire around the town.

Outbreak

The 2002 film depicts a cordon sanitaire imposed on Great Britain as a viral infection devastates the population.

28 Days Later

In , a 2006 novel by Thomas Mullen, the town of Commonwealth, Washington in 1918 imposes a reverse cordon sanitaire to avoid the Spanish flu, however the disease is introduced by a wandering soldier.

The Last Town on Earth

In the 2006 novel the nation of Israel imposes a reverse cordon sanitaire to keep zombies out.

World War Z

In the 2011 film , the city of Chicago is cordoned off to contain the spread of a meningoencephalitis virus.

Contagion

In the 2014 Belgian TV series , a cordon sanitaire is set up to contain an outbreak of avian influenza in Antwerp.

Cordon

In the 2016 television limited series a cordon sanitaire is set up to contain an infectious virus in Atlanta, Georgia.

Containment

In the 2019 novel by Karen Thompson Walker, the fictional California town of Santa Lora is placed under cordon sanitaire due to a sleeping sickness that infects its residents.

The Dreamers

Buffer zone

Curfew

Isolation (health care)

Protective sequestration

Quarantine

Social distancing

Hukou system