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Cronyism

Cronyism is a specific form of in-group favoritism, the spoils system practice of partiality in awarding jobs and other advantages to friends or trusted colleagues, especially in politics and between politicians and supportive organizations.[1] For example, cronyism occurs when appointing "cronies" to positions of authority regardless of their qualifications.[2] This is in contrast to a meritocracy, in which appointments are made based on merit. Politically, "cronyism" is derogatorily used to imply buying and selling favors, such as votes in legislative bodies, as doing favors to organizations, or giving desirable ambassadorships to exotic places.[3]

Etymology[edit]

The word crony first appeared in 17th-century London, according to the Oxford English Dictionary and is believed to be derived from the Greek word χρόνιος (chronios), meaning 'long term'.[4]


A less likely but oft-quoted source is the supposed Irish term Comh-Roghna, which translates as 'close pals, mutual friends'.

Begley, Thomas M.; Khatri, Naresh; Tsang, Eric W. K. (2010). "Networks and cronyism: A social exchange analysis". Asia Pacific Journal of Management. 27 (2): 281–297. :10.1007/s10490-009-9137-4. S2CID 143799762.

doi

Khatri, Naresh; Tsang, Eric W. K.; Begley, Thomas M. (2006). . Journal of International Business Studies. 37 (1): 61–75. doi:10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400171. JSTOR 3875215. S2CID 18930227.
[Also in T. G. Andrews and R. Mead (Eds.), Cross Cultural Management, Volume 2 -The Impact of Culture 1: 126–150. Routledge, UK.]

"Cronyism: A Cross-Cultural Analysis"

Khatri, Naresh; Tsang, Eric W. K.; Begley, Thomas M. (2003). . Academy of Management Proceedings. 2003: C1–C6. doi:10.5465/ambpp.2003.13792813.

"Cronyism: The Downside of Social Networking"

Khatri, Naresh; Tsang, Eric W. K. (2003). . Journal of Business Ethics. 43 (4): 289–303. doi:10.1023/A:1023081629529. S2CID 142479179.

"Antecedents and Consequences of Cronyism in Organizations"

Diwan, Ishac; Haidar, Jamal Ibrahim (2021). . Journal of Development Studies. 57 (8): 1373–1396. doi:10.1080/00220388.2020.1849622. S2CID 229717871.

"Political Connections Reduce Job Creation: Firm-level Evidence from Lebanon"

Hudson, Sarah; Claasen, Cyrlene (2017). "Nepotism and Cronyism as a Cultural Phenomenon?". The Handbook of Business and Corruption: 95–118. :10.1108/978-1-78635-445-720161006.

doi

"". Markkula Center for Applied Ethics, Santa Clara University.

Favoritism, Cronyism, and Nepotism

- A political flash cartoon about the cronyism surrounding Michael D. Brown and Hurricane Katrina.

SuperNews: Hurricane Katrina