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Diana (mythology)

Diana[a] is a goddess in Roman and Hellenistic religion, primarily considered a patroness of the countryside and nature, hunters, wildlife, childbirth, crossroads, the night, and the Moon. She is equated with the Greek goddess Artemis, and absorbed much of Artemis' mythology early in Roman history, including a birth on the island of Delos to parents Jupiter and Latona, and a twin brother, Apollo,[2] though she had an independent origin in Italy.

Diana

Bow and quiver, deer, hunting dogs, crescent moon

Sanctuary at Lake Nemi, Temple of Diana (Rome)

Nemoralia

Jupiter and Latona

  • Early Roman: N/A
  • Hellenistic: Apollo

Lucifer according to Stregheria

  • Early Roman: N/A
  • Hellenistic: N/A

Artemis, Hecate

Artume

Bastet

Diana is considered a virgin goddess and protector of childbirth. Historically, Diana made up a triad with two other Roman deities: Egeria the water nymph, her servant and assistant midwife; and Virbius, the woodland god.[3]


Diana is revered in modern neopagan religions including Roman neopaganism, Stregheria, and Wicca. In the ancient, medieval, and modern periods, Diana has been considered a triple deity, merged with a goddess of the moon (Luna/Selene) and the underworld (usually Hecate).[4][5]

Legacy[edit]

In language[edit]

Both the Romanian words for "fairy" Zână[107] and Sânziană, the Leonese and Portuguese word for "water nymph" xana, and the Spanish word for "shooting target" and "morning call" (diana) seem to come from the name of Diana.

Dianic Wicca

Janus

Domus de Janas

Pachamama

List of lunar deities

(2009). Etymological Dictionary of Greek. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-32186-1.

Beekes, Robert S. P.

Mallory, James P.; Adams, Douglas Q. (2006). . Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-929668-2.

The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World

(2008). Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages. Brill. ISBN 9789004167971.

de Vaan, Michiel

(2006). From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic: A Linguistic History of English: Volume I. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-928413-9.

Ringe, Donald

A. Alföldi "Diana Nemorensis" in American Journal of Archaeology 64 1960 p. 137-144.

A. Alföldi Early Rome and the Latins Ann Arbor 1964 p. 47-100.

E. Paribeni "A note on Diana Nemorensis" in American Journal of Archaeology 65 1961 p. 55.

P. J. Riis "The Cult Image of Diana Nemorensis" in Acta Archaeologica Kopenhagen 37 1966 p. 69 ff.

in Magna Graecia 1969 Jan. Feb. 1969 p. 12 ff.; March Apr. p. 1ff.

J. Heurgon

J.G. Frazer Balder the Beautiful II London 1913 p. 95 ff.; 302 ff.

L. Morpurgo "Nemus Aricinum" in MonAntLincei 13 1903 c. 300 ff.

A. Merlin "L'Aventin dans l'antiquité" Paris BÉFAR 97 1906.

G. Wissowa Religion und Kultus der Römer Munich 1912 p. 198 ff.

F. Altheim Griechischen Götter im alten Rom Giessen 1930 p. 93–172.

A.E. Gordon "On the Origin of Diana" in Transactions of the AMerican Philological Association 63 1932 p. 177ff.

A.E. Gordon Local Cults in Aricia University of California Publications in Classical Archaeology 2 1934 p. 1ff.

J. Heurgon "Recherhes sur... Capoue préromaine" in BÉFAR 154 Paris 1942 p. 307 ff.

J. Gagé "Apollon Romain" in BÉFAR 182 Paris 1955.

Histoire politique et psychologique de la religion romaine Paris 1957 p. 20 ff., 39ff.

J. Bayet

K. Latte Römische Religionsgeschichte Munich 1960 p. 169–173.

"Une victime des vicissitudes politiques, la Diane latine" in Hommages á Jean Bayet, Collection Latomus 45 Bruxelles 1960 p. 650 ff.

R. Schilling

A. Momigliano "Sul dies natalis del santuario federale di Diana sull' Aventino" in RAL 17 1962 p. 387 ff.

G. Dumézil La religion romaine archaïque Paris 1966 p. 398 ff.

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Landscape with Diana and Callisto painting

description

Diana and her Nymphs painting

The Warburg Institute Iconographic Database (ca 1150 images of Diana)