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Dominique Jean Larrey

Dominique Jean, Baron Larrey (French: [larɛ]; 8 July 1766 – 25 July 1842) was a French surgeon and military doctor, who distinguished himself in the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars. An important innovator in battlefield medicine and triage, he is often considered the first modern military surgeon.

Baron of the Empire
Dominique Jean Larrey

(1766-07-08)8 July 1766

Beaudéan, Bigorre (in present-day Hautes-Pyrénées)

25 July 1842(1842-07-25) (aged 76)

Lyon

French

Marie-Élisabeth Laville-Leroux

Surgeon, Physician

Early life and career[edit]

Larrey was born in the little village of Beaudéan, in the Pyrenees as the son of a shoemaker, who later moved to Bordeaux. He was orphaned at the age of 13, and was then raised by his uncle Alexis, who was chief surgeon in Toulouse. After an 8-year apprenticeship,[1] he went to Paris to study under Pierre-Joseph Desault, who was chief surgeon at the Hôtel-Dieu de Paris. Larrey then went to Brest, where he was appointed surgeon in the navy and began lecturing. In 1787 he boarded a ship deployed to the defense of Newfoundland, and was, at nearly 21 years-old at the time, the youngest medical officer in the French Royal Navy.[1] While in America, Larrey took an interest in the local environment, writing observations on the local flora, fauna, climate and manners, which were published years later in his Mémoires de chirurgie militaire et campagnes du baron D.J. Larrey.[1]


In 1789, Larrey was back in Paris, where he worked with Jean-Nicolas Corvisart, Xavier Bichat and Raphaël Bienvenu Sabatier in Les Invalides. On 14 July, during the Storming of the Bastille, he improvised an ambulance to treat the wounded.[1]

Relation historique et chirurgicale de l’expédition de l’armée d’orient, en Egypte et en Syrie. Demonville, Paris 1803.

Mémoires de chirurgie militaire, et campagnes.

digitalized book

NATO award[edit]

The Dominique-Jean Larrey Award is the North Atlantic Alliance's highest medical honour. It is bestowed annually by NATO's senior medical body, the Committee of Chiefs of Military Medical Services in NATO (COMEDS), which is composed of the Surgeons General of NATO and partner nations. It is awarded in recognition of a significant and lasting contribution to NATO multi-nationality and/or interoperability, or to improvements in the provision of health care in NATO missions in the areas of medical support or healthcare development.

Baker D, Cazalaà JB, Carli P (September 2005), "Resuscitation great. Larrey and Percy—a tale of two barons", Resuscitation, 66 (3): 259–62, :10.1016/j.resuscitation.2005.03.009, PMID 15990216

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Beasley AW (December 2000), "To study the healing art", The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Surgery, 70 (12): 892–7, :10.1046/j.1440-1622.2000.01989.x, PMID 11167578

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Bissi A (October 1989), "[Not Available]", Kos (in Italian) (49): 38–47,  11629939

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Bodemer CW (July 1982), "Baron Dominique Jean Larrey, Napoleon's surgeon", Bulletin of the American College of Surgeons, 67 (7): 18–21,  10315971

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Brewer LA (December 1986), "Baron Dominique Jean Larrey (1766–1842). Father of modern military surgery, innovater, humanist", The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 92 (6): 1096–8, :10.1016/S0022-5223(19)35826-X, PMID 3537533

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Haddad FS (September 2004), "Baron Larrey: a role model to be emulated", Journal of the American College of Surgeons, 199 (3): 519, :10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2004.05.266, PMID 15325631

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Burton, June K. (2001), (PDF) (published January 26, 2001), pp. 18–21, archived from the original (PDF) on March 13, 2016, retrieved February 18, 2009

Two "Better Halves" in the Worst of Times – Adrienne Noailles Lafayette (1759–1807) and Fanny Burney d'Arblay (1752–1840) as Medical and Surgical Patients under the First Empire

Csillag I (February 1984), "Ferenc Eckstein and military surgery during the Napoleonic wars (Dominique-Jean Larrey)" [Ferenc Eckstein and military surgery during the Napoleonic wars (Dominique-Jean Larrey)], Orvosi Hetilap (in Hungarian), 125 (8): 467–70,  6366693

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DIBLE JH (April 1959), "D. J. Larrey, A Surgeon of the Revolution, Consulate, and Empire", Medical History, 3 (2): 100–7, :10.1017/s0025727300024388, PMC 1034461, PMID 13643144

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DiGioia JM, Rocko JM, Swan KG (May 1983), "Baron Larrey. Modern military surgeon", The American Surgeon, 49 (5): 226–30,  6342487

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Egeblad K (1979), "[Not Available]", Dansk Medicinhistorisk Årbog (in Danish): 1979, 132–59,  11628370

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Egeblad K (1978), "[Not Available]", Dansk Medicinhistorisk Årbog (in Danish): 77–123,  11627862

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Fackler ML (March 1989), "Misinterpretations concerning Larrey's methods of wound treatment", Surgery, Gynecology & Obstetrics, 168 (3): 280–2,  2645668

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Faria MA (September 1990), "Dominique-Jean Larrey: Napoleon's surgeon from Egypt to Waterloo", Journal of the Medical Association of Georgia, 79 (9): 693–5,  2212907

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Feinsod, Moshe (2002), "The amputated leg—a tale of scientific curiosity—1792", Harefuah, vol. 141, no. 2 (published Feb 2002), pp. 210–2, 220,  11905097

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Feinsod, M (1998), "The surgeon and the Emperor—a humanitarian on the battlefield", Harefuah, vol. 135, no. 9 (published Nov 1, 1998), pp. 340–3, 408,  10911440

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Feinsod, M; Aharon-Peretz, J (1994), "Baron Larrey's description of traumatic aphasia", Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, vol. 3, no. 1 (published Jan 1994), pp. 45–52, :10.1080/09647049409525587, PMID 11618806

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Ferrarelli, L (1954), "The physicians of the Emperor", Minerva Chirurgica, vol. 9, no. 1 (published Jan 15, 1954), pp. 32–5,  13153977

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Haas, L F (Feb 1994), "Dominique Jean Larrey (1766–1842)", J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, vol. 57, no. 2, p. 133, :10.1136/jnnp.57.2.133, ISSN 0022-3050, PMC 1072437, PMID 8126493

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Burris, DG; Welling, DR; Rich, NM (2004), "Dominique Jean Larrey and the principles of humanity in warfare", Journal of the American College of Surgeons, 198 (5): 831–5, :10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2003.12.025, PMID 15110817

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Hakulinen, E (1989), "The French revolution—a revolution even for health care", Läkartidningen, vol. 86, no. 28–29 (published Jul 12, 1989), pp. 2535–7,  2674570

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HALL, D P (1959), "Our surgical heritage; Europe", Am. J. Surg., vol. 98, no. 1 (published Jul 1959), pp. 130–1,  13661525

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Hau, T (1982), "The surgical practice of Dominique Jean Larrey", Surgery, Gynecology & Obstetrics, vol. 154, no. 1 (published Jan 1982), pp. 89–94,  7031942

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Hillemand, P; Gilbrin, E (1978), "Not Available", Histoire des Sciences Médicales, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 255–7,  11627946

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Jellinek, E H (2002), "An unlikely aphasiologist: D J Larrey (1766–1842)", , vol. 95, no. 7 (published Jul 2002), pp. 368–70, doi:10.1177/014107680209500714, PMC 1279946, PMID 12091516

Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine

Jensen, J E (Jul 1981), "Napoleonic medicine", Maryland State Medical Journal, 30 (7): 66–8,  0025-4363, PMID 7024659

ISSN

Lefebvre, P; Cornet, A; Sicard, A (1990), "Not Available", Histoire des Sciences Médicales, vol. 24, no. 3–4, pp. 259–63,  11638332

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Lefebvre, P; Cornet, A; Sicard, A (1995), "The transfer of Baron Larrey's ashes from the Père Lachaise cemetery to the Invalides (December 14–15, 1992)", Histoire des Sciences Médicales, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 23–7,  11640449

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Leonov, I T (1992), "D. J. Larrey and N. I. Pirogov (on the 225th anniversary of the birth of D. J. Larrey)", Vestn. Khir. Im. I. I. Grek., vol. 149, no. 7–8, pp. 117–9,  1341349

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Marchioni, Jean (2004), "Larrey, a legendary surgeon, a current work", La Revue du Praticien, vol. 54, no. 3 (published Feb 15, 2004), pp. 342–5,  15134246

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McIntyre, Neil (2002), "The Barons Larrey: Dominique Jean (1766–1842); Hippolyte (1808–1895)", Journal of Medical Biography, vol. 10, no. 3 (published Aug 2002), p. 185, :10.1177/096777200201000316, PMID 12114954, S2CID 5558961

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Mirskiĭ, M B (2007), "An outstanding field surgeon (devoted to the 240th anniversary of D. Larrey's birth", Voenno-meditsinskiĭ Zhurnal, vol. 328, no. 1 (published Jan 2007), pp. 75–9,  17436718

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Moore, A R (1978), "Preanesthetic mastectomy: a patient's experience", Surgery, vol. 83, no. 2 (published Feb 1978), pp. 200–5,  341385

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Nau, Jean-Yves (2005), "I, Dominique Jean Larrey, baron and surgeon in chief of the Grand Army", Revue Médicale Suisse, vol. 1, no. 2 (published Jan 12, 2005), p. 186,  15773223

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O'Sullivan, S T; O'Shaughnessy, M; O'Connor, T P (1995), "Baron Larrey and cold injury during the campaigns of Napoleon", Annals of Plastic Surgery, vol. 34, no. 4 (published Apr 1995), pp. 446–9, :10.1097/00000637-199504000-00020, PMID 7793796, S2CID 42758258

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Pai-Dhungat, J V; Parikh, Falguni (2006), "Medical philaely (Medical theme on stamps). Dominique J. Larrey (1766–1842). Northern France Ambulance, 1918 stamp, Grenada-1970", The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India, vol. 54 (published Oct 2006), p. 811,  17214278

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Quijano-Pitman, F (1997), "Surgical drainage with rubber tubes and Baron Larrey's mobile ambulances introduced by Dr. Ignacio Gama", Gaceta Médica de México, vol. 133, no. 3, p. 249,  9303873

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Richardson, R G (1977), "Larrey – what manner of man?", Proc. R. Soc. Med., vol. 70, no. 7 (published Jul 1977), pp. 490–4,  1543132, PMID 331340

PMC

Richardson, R G (1974), Larrey: Surgeon to Napoleon's Imperial Guard, John Murray

Rich, Norman M; Burris, David G; Welling, David R; Rignault, Daniel P (2006), "The Larrey legacy: two hundred years on", Current Surgery, 63 (2): 119–21, :10.1016/j.cursur.2005.12.008, PMID 16520113

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Rüttimann, B (1979), "Larrey's amputation technic", Gesnerus, vol. 36, no. 1–2, pp. 140–55,  381112

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Skandalakis, Panagiotis N; Lainas, Panagiotis; Zoras, Odyseas; Skandalakis, John E; Mirilas, P (2006), ""To afford the wounded speedy assistance": Dominique Jean Larrey and Napoleon", World Journal of Surgery, 30 (8) (published Aug 2006): 1392–9, :10.1007/s00268-005-0436-8, PMID 16850154, S2CID 42597837

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Soubiran, A (1966), "Larrey. The providence of soldiers (1766–1842)", La Presse Médicale, vol. 74, no. 34, pp. 1785–6,  5328565

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Stembrowicz, W (1995), "Dominique Jean Larrey (1766–1842) the author of the work: On wounds of the pericardial sac and heart", Archiwum Historii I Filozofii Medycyny / Polskii Towarzystwo Historii Medycyny I Farmacji, vol. 58, no. 3, pp. 311–28,  11624807

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James J. Walsh, , Catholic Encyclopedia

"Dominique-Jean Larrey"

Wangensteen, S D; Wangensteen, O H (1971), "Successful pre-Listerian antiseptic management of compound fracture: Crowther (1802), Larrey (1824), and Bennion (ca. 1840)", Surgery, vol. 69, no. 6 (published Jun 1971), pp. 811–24,  4931133

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Welling, David R; Burris, David G; Rich, Norman M (2006), "Delayed recognition – Larrey and Les Invalides", J. Am. Coll. Surg., vol. 202, no. 2 (published Feb 2006), pp. 373–6, :10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2005.08.024, PMID 16427565

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Wilson, T (1997), "The ambulance – Larrey's legacy", Scalpel & Tongs : American Journal of Medical Philately, vol. 41, pp. 82–3,  11619525

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Wybieralski, A (1966), "Dominique Jean Larrey (1766–1842) On the 200 anniversary of his birth", Archiwum Historii Medycyny, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 313–20,  5335562

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Zimmerman, L M (1968), "Humanity and compassion in medicine (Ambroise Paré, Baron Dominique-Jean Larrey)", The Chicago Medical School Quarterly, vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 233–4,  4913343

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"The immediate care of the eyes in Napoleonic France", Anaesthesia, vol. 31, no. 3 (published Apr 1976), p. 439, 1976, :10.1111/j.1365-2044.1976.tb12341.x, PMID 776029, S2CID 32079369

doi

The Revolutionary Flying Ambulance of Napoleon's Surgeon

In Larrey's shadow: transport of British sick and wounded in the Napoleonic wars.

Larrey, D. J. Memoirs of Military Surgery and Campaigns of the French Armies, Classics of Surgery Library, 1985, reprint of Joseph Cushing, 1814

Les mémoires de chirurgie militaire et campagne de D.J. Larrey