Duchy of Parma and Piacenza
The Duchy of Parma and Piacenza (Italian: Ducato di Parma e Piacenza, Latin: Ducatus Parmae et Placentiae) was an Italian state created in 1545 and located in northern Italy, in the current region of Emilia-Romagna.[1]
Duchy of Parma and Piacenza
Parman
Pier Luigi Farnese (first)
Robert I (last)
16 September 1545
24 April 1748
1 November 1802
1808
11 April 1814
3 December 1859
501,000 in the 19th century
Originally a realm of the Farnese family after Pope Paul III made it a hereditary duchy for his son, Pier Luigi Farnese, it was ruled by the dynasty until 1731, when the last duke, Antonio Farnese, died without direct heirs.[1][2] After a decade of Habsburg rule, the duchy passed to the House of Bourbon-Parma.
It was invaded by Napoleon and annexed by France, having its sovereignty restored in 1814 after Napoleon's defeat. Napoleon's wife, Marie Louise (Maria Luigia), then ruled as its duchess until her death. Parma was restored to Bourbon rule in 1847, and in 1859, the duchy was formally abolished as it was integrated into the new Italian state.[1]
1545-1731
(Farnese)
1815-1847
(Habsburg-Lorraine)
Civil ensign
1815-1847
(Habsburg-Lorraine)
1848-1849
(Bourbon-Parma)
1850-1851
(Bourbon-Parma)
1851-1859
(Bourbon-Parma)
Civil ensign
1851-1859
(Bourbon-Parma)
