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EPUB

EPUB is an e-book file format that uses the ".epub" file extension. The term is short for electronic publication and is sometimes stylized as ePub. EPUB is supported by many e-readers, and compatible software is available for most smartphones, tablets, and computers. EPUB is a technical standard published by the International Digital Publishing Forum (IDPF). It became an official standard of the IDPF in September 2007, superseding the older Open eBook (OEB) standard.[2]

For publications that are accessed electronically, see Electronic article.

Filename extension

.epub

application/epub+zip

PK\x03\x04 (Zip)

International Digital Publishing Forum (IDPF)

September 2007 (2007 -09)

3.3
May 25, 2023 (2023-05-25)[1]

e-book file format

OEBPS Container Format (OCF; Zip)

Open eBook, XHTML, CSS, DTBook

ISO/IEC TS 30135

Yes

w3.org/epub3

The Book Industry Study Group endorses EPUB 3 as the format of choice for packaging content and has stated that the global book publishing industry should rally around a single standard.[3] The EPUB format is implemented as an archive file consisting of XHTML files carrying the content, along with images and other supporting files. EPUB is the most widely supported vendor-independent XML-based e-book format; that is, it is supported by almost all hardware readers.[4]

Open Publication Structure (OPS) 2.0.1, contains the formatting of its content.

[15]

Open Packaging Format (OPF) 2.0.1, describes the structure of the .epub file in XML.

[16]

Open Container Format (OCF) 2.0.1, collects all files as a archive.[17]

ZIP

: optimize text for a particular display

Reflowable document

Fixed-layout content: pre-paginated content can be useful for certain kinds of highly designed content, such as illustrated books intended only for larger screens, such as tablets.[32]

[31]

Like an web site, the format supports inline raster and vector images, metadata, and CSS styling.

HTML

Page bookmarking

Passage highlighting and notes

A library that stores books and can be searched

fonts, and changeable text and background colors

Re-sizable

Support for a subset of [33]

MathML

Better analytical support with compatible platforms

[34]

Digital rights management—can contain (DRM) as an optional layer[35]

digital rights management

Adoption[edit]

EPUB is widely used on software readers such as Google Play Books on Android and Apple Books on iOS and macOS and Amazon Kindle's e-readers, but not by associated apps for other platforms. iBooks also supports the proprietary iBook format, which is based on the EPUB format but depends upon code from the iBooks app to function.[42]


EPUB is a popular format for electronic data interchange because it can be an open format and is based on HTML, as opposed to Amazon's proprietary format for Kindle readers. Popular EPUB producers of public domain and open licensed content include Project Gutenberg, Standard Ebooks, PubMed Central, SciELO and others.


In 2022, Amazon's Send to Kindle service removed support for its own Kindle File Format in favor of EPUB.[43][44]

At least one content document.

One navigation document.

One package document listing all publication resources. This file should use the file extension .opf. It contains metadata, a manifest, fallback chains, bindings, and a spine. This is an ordered sequence of ID references defining the default reading order.

ISO/IEC TS 30135-1:2014 - EPUB3 — Part 1: EPUB3 Overview

Archived 2017-05-05 at the Wayback Machine (Github-repository)

IDPF EPUB Validator