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Kodak

The Eastman Kodak Company, referred to simply as Kodak (/ˈkdæk/), is an American public company that produces various products related to its historic basis in film photography. The company is headquartered in Rochester, New York, and is incorporated in New Jersey.[2] It is best known for photographic film products, which it brought to a mass market for the first time.[3]

Not to be confused with Kodiak.

Company type

The Eastman Dry Plate and Film Company

May 23, 1892 (May 23, 1892)

Worldwide

James V. Continenza
(Executive chairman and CEO)

Digital imaging, photographic materials, equipment and services, batteries

Decrease US$1.12 billion (2023)

Increase US$87 million (2023)

Increase US$75 million (2023)

Increase US$2.36 billion (2023)

Decrease US$931 million (2023)

4,000 (2023)

Kodak began as a partnership between George Eastman and Henry A. Strong to develop a film roll camera. After the release of the Kodak camera, Eastman Kodak was incorporated on May 23, 1892.[4] Under Eastman's direction, the company became one of the world's largest film and camera manufacturers, and also developed a model of welfare capitalism and a close relationship with the city of Rochester.[5] During most of the 20th century, Kodak held a dominant position in photographic film, and produced a number of technological innovations through heavy investment in research and development at Kodak Research Laboratories.[6][7] Kodak produced some of the most popular camera models of the 20th century, including the Brownie and Instamatic.[8][9] The company's ubiquity was such that its "Kodak moment" tagline entered the common lexicon to describe a personal event that deserved to be recorded for posterity.[10]


Kodak began to struggle financially in the late 1990s as a result of increasing competition from Fujifilm.[11] The company also struggled with the transition from film to digital photography, although Kodak had developed the first self-contained digital camera.[12] Attempts to diversify its chemical operations failed, and as a turnaround strategy in the 2000s, Kodak instead made an aggressive turn to digital photography and digital printing.[13] These strategies failed to improve the company's finances, and in January 2012, Kodak filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York.[14][15][16]


In September 2013, the company emerged from bankruptcy, having shed its large legacy liabilities, restructured, and exited several businesses.[17] Since emerging from bankruptcy, Kodak has continued to provide commercial digital printing products and services,[18] motion picture film,[19] and still film,[20] the last of which is distributed through the spinoff company Kodak Alaris.[21] The company has licensed the Kodak brand to several products produced by other companies, such as the PIXPRO line of digital cameras manufactured by JK Imaging.[22] In response to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, Kodak announced in late July that year it would begin production of pharmaceutical materials.[23]

History[edit]

Name[edit]

The letter k was a favorite of George Eastman's; he is quoted as saying, "it seems a strong, incisive sort of letter."[24] He and his mother, Maria, devised the name Kodak using an Anagrams set. Eastman said that there were three principal concepts he used in creating the name: it should be short, easy to pronounce, and not resemble any other name or be associated with anything else. According to a 1920 ad, the name "was simply invented – made up from letters of the alphabet to meet our trade-mark requirements. It was short and euphonious and likely to stick in the public mind."[25] The Kodak name was trademarked by Eastman in 1888.[26] There was also a rumour that the name Kodak came from the sound made by the Kodak camera's shutter.

KodaCOLOR Fabric Inks

KodaLUX Fabric coating

Silver Anti-microbial materials and coating

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James Continenza, chairman and CEO of Kodak

founder and former president of Paychex

B. Thomas Golisano

Philippe Katz, UECC executive

Katherine B. Lynch, former COO of

UBS

Jason New, co-CEO of Onex Credit

Darren L. Richman, co-founder of KLIM investment group

Michael E. Selick, Jr., president of SeaAgri Solutions

formerly Kodak Park

Eastman Business Park

Kodak Vision Award

Brayer, Elizabeth (1996). . Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-1580464246.

George Eastman : a biography

Collins, Douglas (1990). . New York: Harry N. Abrams. ISBN 978-0810912229.

The Story of Kodak

Fierstein, Ronald K. (2015). . Chicago: American Bar Association. ISBN 978-1627227698.

A triumph of genius : Edwin Land, Polaroid, and the Kodak patent war

Grant, Robert M. (2015). Contemporary Strategy Analysis (9th ed.). : Wiley. ISBN 978-1119120841.

New York

Jacoby, Sanford M. (1997). . Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0691015705.

Modern manors : welfare capitalism since the New Deal

Swasy, Alicia (1997). . New York: Times Business. ISBN 978-0812924633.

Changing focus : Kodak and the battle to save a great American company

Ackerman, Carl William, George Eastman: founder of Kodak and the photography business, Beard Books, Washington, DC, 2000.

Binant, Philippe, Au coeur de la projection numérique, Actions, 29, 12–13, Kodak, Paris, 2007.

Official website

Archived May 24, 2013, at the Wayback Machine

Kodak Camera Catalog Info at Historic Camera

Literature published by Kodak at Monroe County Genealogy

an archive of Kodak-Pathé materials maintained by former employees

Cercle des Conservateurs de l’Image Latente

Bloomberg