Edward John Phelps
Edward John Phelps (July 11, 1822 – March 9, 1900) was a lawyer and diplomat from Vermont. He is notable for his service as Envoy to Court of St. James's from 1885 to 1889. In addition, Phelps was a founder of the American Bar Association, and served as its president from 1880 to 1881.
Edward John Phelps
John M. Brodhead
July 11, 1822
Middlebury, Vermont
March 9, 1900 (aged 77)
New Haven, Connecticut
Greenmount Cemetery, Burlington, Vermont
American
Whig (before 1854)
Democratic (from 1854)
Mary Haight (m. 1845-1900, his death)
4
Samuel S. Phelps
Francis (Shurtleff) Phelps
Attorney
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A prominent Democrat even as Vermont was trending towards the Republicans, Phelps was the son of Senator Samuel S. Phelps and his first wife, Francis (Shurtleff) Phelps. Edward Phelps graduated from Middlebury College in 1840, taught school in Virginia, and studied for a career as an attorney, first in the office of Middlebury attorney Horatio Seymour, then at Yale Law School. He practiced in Burlington, and served as Second Comptroller of the Treasury from 1851 to 1853. Phelps supported the Union during the American Civil War, but was a critic of what he regarded as the excesses of the Abraham Lincoln administration. He served as a delegate to the Vermont constitutional convention of 1870, and was one of the founders of the American Bar Association.[1] Phelps served as ABA president from 1880 to 1881. In 1880, he was the unsuccessful Democratic nominee for Governor of Vermont.
Phelps was Envoy to Court of St. James's in Britain from 1885 to 1889. He later taught law at Yale Law School, the University of Vermont, and Boston University. He supported Republicans after 1896, in response to his disagreement with the Democratic Party's turn towards the Free Silver movement. He died in New Haven, Connecticut, and was buried at Greenmount Cemetery in Burlington.
Early life[edit]
Phelps was born in Middlebury, Vermont on July 11, 1822, the son of Samuel S. Phelps and Francis (Shurtleff) Phelps.[2][3] He was educated in the schools of Middlebury and then began attendance at Middlebury College, from which he graduated in 1840.[2] He worked as a school teacher and principal in Virginia, then began studying law in the Middlebury office of Horatio Seymour.[2][a] Phelps completed his legal studies with a year at Yale Law School, attained admission to the bar in 1843, and began a practice in Middlebury.[2] Phelps moved to Burlington in 1845, where he continued to practice law.[2]
Start of career[edit]
Phelps practiced in Burlington with different partners at various times, the most prominent being Lucius E. Chittenden and David Allen Smalley.[4][5] The Phelps and Smalley firm counted George F. Edmunds among the prospective attorneys who studied law under their tutelage.[4]
Originally a Whig, after that party's demise he became a Democrat.[4] In 1851, Phelps was the successful Whig nominee for state's attorney of Chittenden County, defeating Democrat Leverett B. Englesby in the general election.[6] He received a federal appointment before assuming office, and Aaron B. Maynard filled the vacancy.[7] From 1851 to 1853, Phelps served as Second Comptroller of the Treasury.[2] He then practiced law in New York City as a partner in Wakeman, Latting & Phelps, the senior partner of which was Abram Wakeman.[8] He returned to Burlington in 1857 and resumed practicing law.[1] Phelps served as a delegate to the state constitutional convention in 1870.[2]
Phelps was one of the founders of the American Bar Association and was its president from 1880 to 1881.[2] He also served as a trustee of the Vermont State Library, a position he held for more than 20 years.[9] From 1881 until his death he was Kent Professor of Law at Yale Law School.[2] Phelps lectured on medical jurisprudence at the University of Vermont from 1881 to 1883, and on constitutional law at Boston University from 1882 to 1883.[9]
Death and burial[edit]
Phelps died at his home in New Haven, Connecticut on March 9, 1900.[19] A funeral was held at Battell Chapel on the Yale campus; Theodore T. Munger officiated, and university president Timothy Dwight V delivered the eulogy.[20]
A second service took place at the Cathedral Church of St. Paul in Burlington.[20] Attendees and honorary pall bearers included Edward Curtis Smith, John G. McCullough, Benjamin F. Fifield, and Robert Roberts.[20] Phelps was buried at Greenmount Cemetery in Burlington.[20]
Legacy[edit]
Professorship[edit]
In 1887, Junius Spencer Morgan endowed the Edward J. Phelps professorship at Yale University.[22]
Honorary degrees[edit]
In 1870, Middlebury College awarded Phelps the honorary degree of LL.D.[22] In 1881, he received an honorary Master of Arts from Yale University.[22] In 1887, he received honorary LL.D. degrees from the University of Vermont and Harvard University.[22]
Quotes[edit]
"The man who makes no mistakes does not usually make anything." From a speech given at the Mansion House in London on January 24, 1899, quoting Bishop W. C. Magee of Peterborough in 1868.[23]
"Better a hundred times an honest and capable administration of an erroneous policy than a corrupt and incapable administration of a good one." Spoken at a dinner of the New York Chamber of Commerce.[23]