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Edward VII

Edward VII (Albert Edward; 9 November 1841 – 6 May 1910) was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Emperor of India, from 22 January 1901 until his death in 1910.

For other uses, see Edward VII (disambiguation).

Edward VII

22 January 1901 – 6 May 1910

9 August 1902

1 January 1903

(1841-11-09)9 November 1841
Buckingham Palace, London, England

6 May 1910(1910-05-06) (aged 68)
Buckingham Palace, London, England

20 May 1910

  • 28 November 1925
    Albert Memorial Chapel, St George's Chapel
  • 22 April 1927
    South Aisle, St George's Chapel
(m. 1863)

Signature of Edward VII

The second child and eldest son of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Edward, nicknamed "Bertie", was related to royalty throughout Europe. He was Prince of Wales and heir apparent to the British throne for almost 60 years. During his mother's reign, he was largely excluded from political influence and came to personify the fashionable, leisured elite. He married Princess Alexandra of Denmark in 1863, and the couple had six children. As Prince of Wales, Edward travelled throughout Britain performing ceremonial public duties and represented Britain on visits abroad. His tours of North America in 1860 and of the Indian subcontinent in 1875 proved popular successes, but despite public approval, his reputation as a playboy prince soured his relationship with his mother.


Edward inherited the throne upon his mother's death in 1901. He played a role in the modernisation of the British Home Fleet and the reorganisation of the British Army after the Second Boer War of 1899–1902. He re-instituted traditional ceremonies as public displays and broadened the range of people with whom royalty socialised. He fostered good relations between Britain and other European countries, especially France, for which he was popularly called "Peacemaker", but his relationship with his nephew, German Emperor Wilhelm II, was poor. The Edwardian era, which covered Edward's reign and was named after him, coincided with the start of a new century and heralded significant changes in technology and society, including steam turbine propulsion and the rise of socialism. He died in 1910 in the midst of a constitutional crisis that was resolved the following year by the Parliament Act 1911, which restricted the power of the unelected House of Lords. Edward was succeeded by his only surviving son, George V.

KG: , 9 November 1858[148]

Royal Knight Companion of the Garter

GCSI: , 25 June 1861;[149] Extra Knight Grand Commander, 24 May 1866[150]

Extra Knight Companion of the Star of India

FRS: Fellow of the , 12 February 1863

Royal Society

PC: Member of the , 8 December 1863

Privy Council of the United Kingdom

GCB: (military), 10 February 1865;[151] Great Master, 22 June 1897[152]

Knight Grand Cross of the Bath

KT: , 24 May 1867[153]

Extra Knight of the Thistle

KP: , 18 March 1868[154]

Extra Knight of St. Patrick

PC(I): Member of the , 21 April 1868

Privy Council of Ireland

GCStJ: , 1876;[155] Grand Prior, 1888[156]

Knight of Justice of St. John

GCMG: , 31 May 1877[157]

Extra Knight Grand Cross of St Michael and St George

GCIE: , 21 June 1887[158]

Extra Knight Grand Commander of the Indian Empire

GCVO: , 6 May 1896[159]

Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order

of the Royal Society of Arts, 1901[160]

Albert Medal

Founder and Sovereign of the , 26 June 1902[161]

Order of Merit

Founder and Sovereign of the , 8 August 1902[162]

Imperial Service Order

Founder of the , 1902[163]

Royal Victorian Chain

(siège d'amour), sex chair invented for Edward

Love chair

Household of Edward VII and Alexandra

, a 1975 television miniseries.

Edward the Seventh

Bentley-Cranch, Dana (1992), Edward VII: Image of an Era 1841–1910, London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office,  978-0-11-290508-0

ISBN

(1936), England, 1870–1914, Oxford: Clarendon Press

Ensor, R. C. K.

(2004), The Edwardians, London: Little, Brown, ISBN 978-0-316-72537-8

Hattersley, Roy

(1998), Power and Place: The Political Consequences of King Edward VII, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, ISBN 978-0-297-84220-0

Heffer, Simon

(1992), Edward & Alexandra: Their Private and Public Lives, London: Hodder & Stoughton, ISBN 978-0-340-55825-6

Hough, Richard

(1927), King Edward VII: A Biography, vol. II, London: Macmillan

Lee, Sidney

(1964), King Edward The Seventh, London: John Murray

Magnus, Philip

(1972), Antonia Fraser (ed.), The Life and Times of Edward VII, London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, ISBN 978-0-297-83189-1

Middlemas, Keith

(1970), The Edwardians, London: Heinemann, ISBN 978-0-434-60332-9

Priestley, J. B.

(2012), Bertie: A Life of Edward VII, London: Chatto & Windus, ISBN 978-0-7011-7614-3

Ridley, Jane

(1951), A King's Story, London: Cassell and Co

Windsor, HRH The Duke of

Andrews, Allen (1975), The Follies of King Edward VII, Lexington,  978-0-904312-15-7

ISBN

Beer, Peter (2016), Playboy Princes: The Apprentice Years of Edward VII and VIII, Peter Owen

Buckner, Phillip (2003), "Casting daylight upon magic: Deconstructing the royal tour of 1901 to Canada", Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, 31 (2): 158–189, :10.1080/03086530310001705656, S2CID 162347515

doi

Butler, David (1975), Edward VII, Prince of Hearts, Littlehampton Book Services Ltd,  978-0-297-76897-5

ISBN

(2009) [1860], Royalty in the New World: Or, the Prince of Wales in America, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-1-108-00298-1

Cornwallis, Kinahan

Cowles, Virginia (1956), Edward VII and his Circle, H. Hamilton

Farrer, James Anson (1912), England Under Edward VII, Allen & Unwin

Glencross, Matthew (2016), The State Visits of Edward VII: Reinventing Royal Diplomacy for the Twentieth Century, Palgrave Macmillan

(2007), Edward VII: The Last Victorian King, Palgrave Macmillan, ISBN 978-1-4039-8377-0

Hibbert, Christopher

Neilson, Francis (1957), "Edward VII and the Entente Cordiale, I.", American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 16 (4): 353–368, :10.1111/j.1536-7150.1957.tb00197.x, JSTOR 3484884

doi

Plumptre, George (1997), Edward VII, Trafalgar Square Publishing,  978-1-85793-846-3

ISBN

(1951), Recollections of Three Reigns, London: Eyre & Spottiswoode

Ponsonby, Frederick

Ridley, Jane (2013), "'The Sport of Kings': Shooting and The Court of Edward VII", The Court Historian, 18 (2): 189–205, :10.1179/cou.2013.18.2.004, S2CID 159750104

doi

Ridley, Jane (2016), "Bertie Prince of Wales: Prince Hal and the Widow of Windsor", Royal Heirs and the Uses of Soft Power in Nineteenth-Century Europe, London: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 123–138

Roby, Kinley E. (1975), The King, the Press and the People: A Study of Edward VII, Barrie and Jenkins,  978-0-214-20098-4

ISBN

Ryan, A. P. (1953), "The Diplomacy of Edward VII", History Today, vol. 3, no. 5, pp. 352–360

St Aubyn, Giles (1979), , Atheneum, ISBN 978-0-689-10937-9

Edward VII, Prince and King

(1964), The Guns of August, New York: Macmillan

Tuchman, Barbara

Walker, Richard (1988), The Savile Row Story: An Illustrated History, London: Prion,  978-1-85375-000-7

ISBN

Watson, Alfred Edward Thomas (1911), , Longmans, Green and Company

King Edward VII. as a sportsman

at the official website of the British monarchy

Edward VII

at the official website of the Royal Collection Trust

Edward VII

at BBC History

Edward VII

at Project Gutenberg

Works by Edward VII

Works by or about Edward VII

Speeches and addresses of H. R. H. the Prince of Wales: 1863–1888

at the National Portrait Gallery, London

Portraits of King Edward VII