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Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India

The Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India lists nationally recognised regional languages of the Republic of India. At the time when the Constitution was enacted, inclusion in this list meant that the language was entitled to representation on the Official Languages Commission,[1] and that the language would be one of the bases that would be drawn upon to enrich Hindi and English, the official languages of the Union.[2] The list has since, however, acquired further significance. The Government of India is now under an obligation to take measures for the development of these languages, such that "they grow rapidly in richness and become effective means of communicating modern knowledge."[3] In addition, candidates sitting for an examination conducted for public service are entitled to use any of these languages as a medium to answer the paper.[4]

1950: 14 were initially included in the Constitution.

[7]

1967: Sindhi was added by .[8]

21st Constitutional Amendment Act

1992: Konkani, Manipuri (Meitei) and Nepali were added by [9]

71st Constitutional Amendment Act

2003: Bodo, Dogri, Maithili and Santali were added by .[7]

92nd Constitutional Amendment Act

2011: The spelling Oriya was replaced by Odia by 96th Constitutional Amendment Act.

[10]

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