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Emperor Kōmei

Osahito (統仁, 22 July 1831 – 30 January 1867), posthumously honored as Emperor Kōmei (孝明天皇, Kōmei-tennō), was the 121st emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.[1][2] Kōmei's reign spanned the years from 1846 through 1867, corresponding to the final years of the Edo period.[3]

Emperor Kōmei
孝明天皇

10 March 1846 – 30 January 1867

31 October 1847

Ninkō

Meiji

See list

Osahito, Prince Hiro (煕宮統仁親王)
(1831-07-22)22 July 1831
Kyoto, Japan

30 January 1867(1867-01-30) (aged 35)
Kyoto Imperial Palace, Kyoto, Japan

Nochi no tsuki no wa no misasagi (後月輪東山陵), Kyoto

Asako Kujō

Imperial House of Japan

Emperor Ninkō

Fujiwara no Tsuneko

Shinto

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During his reign there was much internal turmoil as a result of Japan's first major contact with the United States, which occurred under Commodore Perry in 1853 and 1854, and the subsequent forced re-opening of Japan to western nations, ending a 220-year period of national seclusion. Emperor Kōmei did not care much for anything foreign, and he opposed opening Japan to Western powers. His reign would continue to be dominated by insurrection and partisan conflicts eventually culminating in the collapse of the Tokugawa shogunate shortly after his death and the Meiji Restoration in the beginning of the reign of his son and successor Emperor Meiji.[4]

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Kugyō (公卿) is a collective term for the very few most powerful men attached to the court of the Emperor of Japan in pre-Meiji eras. Even during those years in which the court's actual influence outside the palace walls was minimal, the hierarchic organization persisted.


In general, this elite group included only three to four men at a time. These were hereditary courtiers whose experience and background would have brought them to the pinnacle of a life's career. During Kōmei's reign, this apex of the Daijō-kan included:

Emperor Kōmei was the last Japanese Emperor who had more than one era name (nengō) during a single ruling term. Beginning with his successor, Emperor Meiji, a single era name (identical to the Emperor's eventual posthumous name) was selected and did not change until his death. There were seven nengō during Kōmei's reign.[22]

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, Takatsukasa Masamichi, 1823–1856

Kampaku

Kampaku, , 1856–1862

Kujō Hisatada

Kampaku, , 1862–1863

Konoe Tadahiro

Kampaku, , 1863

Takatsukasa Sukehiro

Kampaku, , 1863–1866

Nijō Nariyuki

Sadaijin

Udaijin

Naidaijin

Dainagon

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(1844–1848)

Kōka

(1848–1854)

Kaei

(1854–1860)

Ansei

(1860–1861)

Man'en

(1861–1864)

Bunkyū

(1864–1865)

Genji

(1865–1868)

Keiō

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(2003). A History of Japan, 1582–1941: Internal and External Worlds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-52918-1; OCLC 50694793

Cullen, Louis M.

(2002). The Making of Modern Japan. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-00991-2; OCLC 52086912

Jansen, Marius B.

(2002). Emperor of Japan : Meiji and his world, 1852-1912. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-12340-2. OCLC 46731178.

Keene, Donald

Meyer, Eva-Maria. (1999). Münster: LIT Verlag. ISBN 978-3-8258-3939-0; OCLC 42041594

Japans Kaiserhof in der Edo-Zeit: unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Jahre 1846 bis 1867.

Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). Japan Encyclopedia. Cambridge: . ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5; OCLC 48943301

Harvard University Press

. (1959). The Imperial House of Japan. Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. OCLC 194887

Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon

__________. (1956). Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. OCLC 36644

Kyoto: the Old Capital, 794–1869.

Emperor of Japan

List of Emperors of Japan

Imperial cult

Heian Shrine

Tsuki no wa no misasagi

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