In , some parties could be named an enemy of the state through specific public actions resulting in a formally recognized state of war.[1] The Latin term proscription was used for official condemnation of enemies of the state.[2]
ancient Rome
were considered as enemies of the state in Indonesia since 1965. Displaying communist symbols or attempting to propagate the ideology is considered an act of high treason and terrorism punishable by up to 20 years of imprisonment.[3]
Communists
Romani people, Jehovah's Witnesses, homosexuals, disabled, communists, social democrats and trade unionists were considered "enemies of the state" in Nazi Germany.[4]
Jews
a Brazilian Army Captain who deserted to become the leader of a left-wing guerrilla against the military dictatorship; Lamarca was the only man in the history of Brazil to receive the status of traitor, being considered an "enemy of the state".
Carlos Lamarca
the American computer specialist who leaked details of top-secret United States and British government mass surveillance programs to the press,[7] has been discussed by opinion writers as being persecuted as an enemy of the state.[8]
Edward Snowden
defenders working on behalf of communities affected by large-scale development projects are increasingly branded as enemies of the state.[9]
Human rights
an Australian mining magnate, was labelled as such by Mark McGowan, the Premier of Western Australia, when Palmer sued the Western Australian government for not allowing him free entry into the state during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns.[10]