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Fundamentalism

Fundamentalism is a tendency among certain groups and individuals that is characterized by the application of a strict literal interpretation to scriptures, dogmas, or ideologies, along with a strong belief in the importance of distinguishing one's ingroup and outgroup,[1][2][3][4] which leads to an emphasis on some conception of "purity", and a desire to return to a previous ideal from which advocates believe members have strayed. The term is usually used in the context of religion to indicate an unwavering attachment to a set of irreducible beliefs (the "fundamentals").[5]

For other uses, see Fundamentalism (disambiguation).

The term "fundamentalism" is generally regarded by scholars of religion as referring to a largely modern religious phenomenon which, while itself a reinterpretation of religion as defined by the parameters of modernism, reifies religion in reaction against modernist, secularist, liberal and ecumenical tendencies developing in religion and society in general that it perceives to be foreign to a particular religious tradition.[6] Depending upon the context, the label "fundamentalism" can be a pejorative rather than a neutral characterization, similar to the ways that calling political perspectives "right-wing" or "left-wing" can have negative connotations.[7][8]

and the infallibility of scripture as a result of this

Biblical inspiration

Virgin birth of Jesus

Belief that Christ's death was the for sin

atonement

Bodily

resurrection of Jesus

Historical reality of the

miracles of Jesus

Use as a label[edit]

The Associated Press' AP Stylebook recommends that the term fundamentalist not be used for any group that does not apply the term to itself. Many scholars have adopted a similar position.[61] Other scholars, however, use the term in the broader descriptive sense to refer to various groups in various religious traditions including those groups that would object to being classified as fundamentalists, such as in the Fundamentalism Project.[62]


Tex Sample asserts that it is a mistake to refer to a Muslim, Jewish, or Christian fundamentalist. Rather, a fundamentalist's fundamentalism is their primary concern, over and above other denominational or faith considerations.[63]

Gabriel Abraham Almond, and Emmanuel Sivan (2003). Strong Religion. Chicago, Il; London: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-01497-5

Appleby, R. Scott

Armstrong, Karen (2001). : A History of Fundamentalism. New York: Ballantine Books. ISBN 0-345-39169-1

The Battle for God

Brasher, Brenda E. (2001). The Encyclopedia of Fundamentalism. New York: Routledge.  0-415-92244-5

ISBN

Caplan, Lionel. (1987). "Studies in Religious Fundamentalism". London: The MacMillan Press Ltd.

Dorff, Elliot N. and Rosett, Arthur, A Living Tree; The Roots and Growth of Jewish Law, SUNY Press, 1988.

Kay, David N. (2004). . RoutledgeCurzon. ISBN 978-0-415-29765-3.

Tibetan and Zen Buddhism in Britain: Transplantation, Development and Adaptation

Keating, Karl (1988). Catholicism and Fundamentalism. San Francisco: Ignatius.  0-89870-177-5

ISBN

Gorenberg, Gershom. (2000). The End of Days: Fundamentalism and the Struggle for the Temple Mount. New York: The Free Press.

Hindery, Roderick. 2001. Indoctrination and Self-deception or Free and Critical Thought? Mellen Press: aspects of fundamentalism, pp. 69–74.

Lawrence, Bruce B. Defenders of God: The Fundamentalist Revolt against the Modern Age. San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1989.

Marsden; George M. (1980). Fundamentalism and American Culture: The Shaping of Twentieth Century Evangelicalism, 1870-1925 Oxford University Press.

; Appleby, R. Scott, eds. (1991). Fundamentalisms Observed. The Fundamentalism Project, 1. Chicago, Il; London: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-50878-1.

Marty, Martin E.

; Appleby, R. Scott, eds. (1993). Fundamentalisms and Society: Reclaiming the Sciences, the Family, and Education. The Fundamentalism Project, 2. Chicago, Il; London: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-50880-3.

Marty, Martin E.

; Appleby, R. Scott, eds. (1993). Fundamentalisms and the State: Remaking Polities, Economies, and Militance. The Fundamentalism Project, 3. Chicago, Il; London: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-50883-8.

Marty, Martin E.

; Appleby, R. Scott, eds. (1994). Accounting for Fundamentalisms: The Dynamic Character of Movements. The Fundamentalism Project, 4. Chicago, Il; London: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-50885-4.

Marty, Martin E.

; Appleby, R. Scott, eds. (1995). Fundamentalisms Comprehended. The Fundamentalism Project, 5. Chicago, Il; London: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-50887-0.

Marty, Martin E.

(1992). A History of Christianity in the United States and Canada. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans.

Noll, Mark A.

Ruthven, Malise (2005). "Fundamentalism: The Search for Meaning". Oxford: Oxford University Press.  0-19-280606-8

ISBN

Schaik, Sam van (June 28, 2011). . Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-15404-7.

Tibet: A History

Torrey, R.A. (ed.). (1909). The Fundamentals. Los Angeles: The Bible Institute of Los Angeles (B.I.O.L.A. now ). ISBN 0-8010-1264-3

Biola University

"Religious movements: fundamentalist." In Goldstein, Norm (Ed.) (2003). The Associated Press Stylebook and Briefing on Media Law 2003 (38th ed.), p. 218. New York: The Associated Press.  0-917360-22-2.

ISBN

The Sword of the Lord: The Roots of Fundamentalism in an American Family, book by Andrew Himes

Article by Terry Mattingly via Scripps Howard News Service

Can Anyone Define Fundamentalist?

on In Our Time at the BBC

Fundamentalism

by Simon Watson, published in Anthropoetics XV,2 Spring 2010

Richard Dawkins' The God Delusion and Atheist Fundamentalism

Q & A on Islamic Fundamentalism

a conservative Christian website, maintained by Steve van Natten

www.blessedquietness.com

Women Against Fundamentalism (UK)

Yahya Abdul Rahman's Take On Fundamentalists And Fundamentalism

Harvard University, November 7, 2007.

Roots of Fundamentalism Traced to 16th Century Bible Translations

by Syed Manzar Abbas Saidi, published in Athena Intelligence Journal

The Fundamentalist Distortion of the Islamic Message

Admiel Kosman, , Haaretz, Aug.17, 2012.

Between Orthodox Judaism and nihilism: Reflections on the recently published writings of the late Rabbi Shimon Gershon Rosenberg