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Geologist

A geologist is a scientist who studies the solid, liquid, and gaseous matter that constitutes Earth and other terrestrial planets, as well as the processes that shape them. Geologists usually study geology, earth science, or geophysics, although backgrounds in physics, chemistry, biology, and other sciences are also useful. Field research (field work) is an important component of geology, although many subdisciplines incorporate laboratory and digitalized work. Geologists can be classified in a larger group of scientists, called geoscientists.

For the member of Animal Collective, see Geologist (musician).

Occupation

Geologist

Geologists work in the energy and mining sectors searching for natural resources such as petroleum, natural gas, precious and base metals. They are also in the forefront of preventing and mitigating damage from natural hazards and disasters such as earthquakes, volcanoes, tsunamis and landslides. Their studies are used to warn the general public of the occurrence of these events. Geologists are also important contributors to climate change discussions.

: the study of ore genesis, and the mechanisms of ore creation, geostatistics.

Economic geology

: application of the geologic sciences to engineering practice for the purpose of assuring that the geologic factors affecting the location, design, construction, operation and maintenance of engineering works are recognized and adequately provided for;

Engineering geology

: the applied branch deals with the application of physical methods such as gravity, seismicity, electricity, magnetic properties to study the earth.

Geophysics

: the applied branch deals with the study of the chemical makeup and behaviour of rocks, and the study of the behaviour of their minerals.

Geochemistry

: the study of isotope geology specifically toward determining the date within the past of rock formation, metamorphism, mineralization and geological events (notably, meteorite impacts).

Geochronology

: the study of landforms and the processes that create them.

Geomorphology

: the study of the origin, occurrence and movement of groundwater water in a subsurface geological system.

Hydrogeology

Igneous : the study of igneous processes such as igneous differentiation, fractional crystallization, intrusive and volcanological phenomena.

petrology

: the case of the isotopic composition of rocks to determine the processes of rock and planetary formation.

Isotope geology

petrology: the study of the effects of metamorphism on minerals and rocks.

Metamorphic

: the study of the seafloor; involves geophysical, geochemical, sedimentological and paleontological investigations of the ocean floor and coastal margins. Marine geology has strong ties to physical oceanography and plate tectonics.

Marine geology

: the study of the chemistry, crystal structure, and physical (including optical) properties of minerals and mineralized artifacts. Specific studies within mineralogy include the processes of mineral origin and formation, classification of minerals, their geographical distribution, as well as their utilization.

Mineralogy

: the application of geological science to determine the climatic conditions present in the Earth's atmosphere within the Earth's history.

Palaeoclimatology

: the classification and taxonomy of fossils within the geological record and the construction of a palaeontological history of the Earth.

Palaeontology

: the study of soil, soil formation, and regolith formation.

Pedology

: the study of sedimentary basins applied to the search for hydrocarbons (oil exploration).

Petroleum geology

: the study of geosciences as it relates to other celestial bodies, namely planets and their moons. This includes the subdisciplines of lunar geology, selenology, and martian geology, areology.

Planetary geology

: the study of sedimentary rocks, strata, formations, eustasy and the processes of modern-day sedimentary and erosive systems.

Sedimentology

: the study of earthquakes.

Seismology

: the study of folds, faults, foliation and rock microstructure to determine the deformational history of rocks and regions.

Structural geology

: the study of volcanoes, their eruptions, lavas, magma processes and hazards.

Volcanology

(AAPG)

American Association of Petroleum Geologists

(AGI)

American Geosciences Institute

(AGU)

American Geophysical Union

(EAGE) – Professional organization for geoscientists and engineers

European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers

(EGU) – non-profit international union in the fields of Earth, planetary, and space sciences

European Geosciences Union

(GSA)

Geological Society of America

(GSL)

Geological Society of London

(ICS)

International Commission on Stratigraphy

(IUGS)

International Union of Geological Sciences

(MSA)

Mineralogical Society of America

(SEPM)

Society for Sedimentary Geology

(SEG)

Society of Economic Geologists

Geologists may belong to a number of professional societies promoting research, networking, and professional development within the field.

List of geologists

Petroleum geologist