Hashomer Hatzair
Hashomer Hatzair[1] (Hebrew: הַשׁוֹמֵר הַצָעִיר, IPA: [haʃoˈmeʁ hatsaˈʔiʁ], The Young Guard) is a Labor Zionist, secular Jewish youth movement founded in 1913 in the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, Austria-Hungary, and it was also the name of the group's political party in the Yishuv in the pre-1948 Mandatory Palestine (see Hashomer Hatzair Workers Party).
This article is about the Socialist Zionist youth movement. For Hashomer the armed group, see Hashomer. For the related political party (1946–1948), see Hashomer Hatzair Workers Party.Formation
1913
Educational
Worldwide
Youth
Oren Zukiercorn
Hashomer Hatzair, along with HaNoar HaOved VeHaLomed of Israel, is a member of the International Falcon Movement – Socialist Educational International.
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Members of Hashomer Hatzair in Kfar Saba branch blowing the trumpet as they wave the movement´s flag, 1941.
By 1939, Hashomer Hatzair had 70,000 members worldwide. The movement's membership base was in Eastern Europe. With the advent of World War II and the Holocaust, members of Hashomer Hatzair focused their attention on resistance against the Nazis. Mordechai Anielewicz, the leader of Hashomer Hatzair's Warsaw branch, became head of the Jewish Combat Organization and one of the leaders of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising. Other members of the movement were involved in Jewish resistance and rescue in Hungary, Lithuania and Slovakia. The leaders of Hashomer Hatzair in Romania were arrested and executed for antifascist activities. A personal account of the Holocaust, In the Mouth of the Wolf details the escape of Hashomer Hatzair member Rose Zar (née Ruszka Guterman) from the Piotrków Ghetto and hiding in plain sight, by working for the Wehrmacht and the SS.
The former head of Hashomer Hatzair in Łódź, Abraham Gancwajch,[5] on the other hand, formed the Jewish Nazi collaboration network Group 13 (also known as the Jewish Gestapo) in December 1940,[6] active in the Warsaw Ghetto. He was also the leader of the infamous Gestapo-sponsored, Nazi-collaborationist Jewish organisation Żagiew, which was formed in February 1943[7] at the beginning of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising.[8]
After the war, the movement was involved in organizing illegal immigration of Jewish refugees to Palestine. Members were also involved in the Haganah military movement as well as in the leadership of the Palmach.
This is the logo of the 100th anniversary of Hashomer Hatzair (2013)
The old tnua Semel (Hashomer Hatzair) until 2013
the shirt of Hashomer Hatzair
Hashomer Hatzair at a demonstration against the housing prices in Israel 2011
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