Shives

Shives, also known as shoves, boon or hurd, are the wooden refuse removed during processing flax, hemp, or jute, as opposed to the fibres (tow). Shives consist of "the woody inner portion of the hemp stalk, broken into pieces and separated from the fiber in the processes of breaking and scutching" and "correspond to the shives in flax, but are coarser and usually softer in texture".^[1] Shives are a by-product of fiber production.^[2]

Tow

Dewey, Lyster H.; Merrill, Jason L. (October 14, 1916), , U.S. Department of Agriculture, p. 5, USDA Bulletin 404 – via Internet Archive

Hemp hurds as paper-making material

. Pulp and Paper Magazine. XV (1): 53. January 11, 1917.

"Advertisements"

Aguilera, Alfredo (2013), , Research Developments in Wood Engineering and Technology, IGI Global, ISBN 9781466645554

"Non-wood lignocellulosic composites"

Carus, Michael; Vogt, Dominik; Breuer, Thomas (2008), [Studies on the markets for natural fibers and natural fiber materials (Germany and EU)] (PDF), Gülzower technical discussions (in German), vol. Band 26, Gülzow: Fachagentur Nachwachsende Rohstoffe

Studie zur Markt- und Konkurrenzsituation bei Naturfasern und Naturfaser-Werkstoffen (Deutschland und EU)

Horne, M. R. L. (2012), , in Kozłowski, Ryszard M. (ed.), Handbook of Natural Fibres: Types, Properties and Factors Affecting Breeding and Cultivation, Woodhead Publishing Series in Textiles, Elsevier Science, pp. 131–137, ISBN 978-0-85709-550-3

"Bast fibres: hemp cultivation and production § fibre extraction (6.5)"

Bouloc, Pierre (2013), "The industrial hemp economy", , CABI, pp. 145–161, ISBN 978-1-84593-793-5

Hemp: Industrial Production and Uses

Fike, John (4 January 2017), "Industrial Hemp: Renewed Opportunities for an Ancient Crop", Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 35 (5–6): 406–424, :10.1080/07352689.2016.1257842, S2CID 89623263

doi

Carus, Michael; Sarmento, Luis (May 2016), (PDF), European Industrial Hemp Association

The European Hemp Industry: Cultivation, processing and applications for fibres, shivs, seeds and flowers

Media related to Hemp shives at Wikimedia Commons