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Hemp

Hemp, or industrial hemp, is a plant in the botanical class of Cannabis sativa cultivars grown specifically for industrial and consumable use. It can be used to make a wide range of products.[1] Along with bamboo, hemp is among the fastest growing plants[2] on Earth. It was also one of the first plants to be spun into usable fiber 50,000 years ago.[3] It can be refined into a variety of commercial items, including paper, rope, textiles, clothing, biodegradable plastics, paint, insulation, biofuel, food, and animal feed.[4][5]

This article is about industrial uses of cannabis. For the genus of plants, see Cannabis. For therapeutic preparations of the plant, see Medical cannabis. For the psychoactive preparation, see Cannabis (drug). For religious use, see Entheogenic use of cannabis. For other uses, see Hemp (disambiguation).

Although chemotype I cannabis and hemp (types II, III, IV, V) are both Cannabis sativa and contain the psychoactive component tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), they represent distinct cultivar groups, typically with unique phytochemical compositions and uses.[6] Hemp typically has lower concentrations of total THC and may have higher concentrations of cannabidiol (CBD), which potentially mitigates the psychoactive effects of THC.[7] The legality of hemp varies widely among countries. Some governments regulate the concentration of THC and permit only hemp that is bred with an especially low THC content into commercial production.[8][9]

Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)

2,451 kJ (586 kcal)

4.67 g

1.50 g

0.07 g

4.0 g (around 20 g when whole)

48.75 g

4.600 g

0 g

5.400 g

38.100 g

9.301 g
28.698 g
31.56 g

0.369 g

1.269 g

1.286 g

2.163 g

1.276 g

0.933 g

0.672 g

1.447 g

1.263 g

1.777 g

4.550 g

0.969 g

1.528 g

3.662 g

6.269 g

1.611 g

1.597 g

1.713 g

Quantity

%DV

11 IU

106%
1.275 mg
22%
0.285 mg
58%
9.200 mg
35%
0.600 mg
28%
110 μg
0%
0 μg
1%
0.5 mg
5%
0.80 mg

Quantity

%DV
5%
70 mg
178%
1.600 mg
44%
7.95 mg
167%
700 mg
330%
7.600 mg
132%
1650 mg
40%
1200 mg
0%
5 mg
90%
9.90 mg

Quantity

4.96 g

Whole hemp seeds

Whole hemp seeds

Hulled hemp seeds

Hulled hemp seeds

Processing[edit]

Separation of hurd and bast fiber is known as decortication. Traditionally, hemp stalks would be water-retted first before the fibers were beaten off the inner hurd by hand, a process known as scutching. As mechanical technology evolved, separating the fiber from the core was accomplished by crushing rollers and brush rollers, or by hammer-milling, wherein a mechanical hammer mechanism beats the hemp against a screen until hurd, smaller bast fibers, and dust fall through the screen. After the Marijuana Tax Act was implemented in 1938, the technology for separating the fibers from the core remained "frozen in time". Recently, new high-speed kinematic decortication has come about, capable of separating hemp into three streams; bast fiber, hurd, and green microfiber.


Only in 1997, did Ireland, parts of the Commonwealth and other countries begin to legally grow industrial hemp again. Iterations of the 1930s decorticator have been met with limited success, along with steam explosion and chemical processing known as thermomechanical pulping.

Hemp strains USO-xx and Zolotoniski-xx

low-angle photo-shot

Industrial hemp production in France

Industrial hemp production in France

A hemp maze in France

A hemp maze in France

History in the United States

, a short documentary produced by the United States Department of Agriculture during World War II

Hemp for Victory

1942 United States Department of Agriculture War Board Letter of appreciation to Joe "Daddy Burt" Burton, a Kentucky hemp farmer for his support of the World War II Hemp for Victory campaign[179]

1942 United States Department of Agriculture War Board Letter of appreciation to Joe "Daddy Burt" Burton, a Kentucky hemp farmer for his support of the World War II Hemp for Victory campaign[179]

Joe "Daddy Burt" Burton, a recognized top Kentucky hemp farmer with harvested hemp, 1942. Photo by USDA War Board - Lexington, Kentucky.[180]

Joe "Daddy Burt" Burton, a recognized top Kentucky hemp farmer with harvested hemp, 1942. Photo by USDA War Board - Lexington, Kentucky.[180]

United States "Marihuana" production permit. During World War II farmers were encouraged to grow hemp for cordage, to replace Manila hemp previously obtained from Japanese-controlled areas. The U.S. government produced a film explaining the uses of hemp, called Hemp for Victory.

United States "Marihuana" production permit. During World War II farmers were encouraged to grow hemp for cordage, to replace Manila hemp previously obtained from Japanese-controlled areas. The U.S. government produced a film explaining the uses of hemp, called Hemp for Victory.