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Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor

Henry VII (German: Heinrich; Vulgar Latin: Arrigo; c. 1273[3] – 24 August 1313),[4] also known as Henry of Luxembourg, was Count of Luxembourg, King of Germany (Rex Romanorum) from 1308 and Holy Roman Emperor from 1312. He was the first emperor of the House of Luxembourg. During his brief career he reinvigorated the imperial cause in Italy, which was racked with the partisan struggles between the divided Guelph and Ghibelline factions, and inspired the praise of Dino Compagni and Dante Alighieri. He was the first emperor since the death of Frederick II in 1250, ending the Great Interregnum of the Holy Roman Empire; however, his premature death threatened to undo his life's work. His son, John of Bohemia, failed to be elected as his successor, and there was briefly another anti-king, Frederick the Fair, contesting the rule of Louis IV.

"Henry VII of Germany" redirects here. For the son and co-ruler of the Emperor Frederick II, see Henry (VII) of Germany.

Henry VII

29 June 1312 – 24 August 1313

29 June 1312, Rome

Frederick II

Louis IV

27 November 1308 – 24 August 1313

6 January 1309, Aachen

Albert I

Louis IV

6 January 1311 – 24 August 1313

6 January 1311, Milan

Conrad IV

Louis IV

5 June 1288 – 24 August 1313

Henry VI

John I

c. 1273[2]
Valenciennes, County of Hainaut

24 August 1313 (aged c. 40)
Buonconvento, Italy

Duomo di Pisa, Pisa
​
​
(m. 1292; died 1311)​

House of Luxembourg

Henry VI of Luxembourg

Beatrice d'Avesnes

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Legacy[edit]

At Henry's death, and for the following decades, the central figure in Italian policy remained his nemesis, Robert of Naples.[32] In the Empire, Henry's son, John the Blind, was elected King of Bohemia in 1310. After the death of Henry VII, two rivals, the Wittelsbach Ludwig of Bavaria and Frederick the Handsome of the House of Habsburg, laid claim to the crown. Their dispute culminated in the Battle of Mühldorf on 28 September 1322, which was lost by Frederick. Ludwig's Italian expedition (1327–29), made in the spirit of righting the wrongs done to Henry, was also abortive. The legacy of Henry was clearest in the successful careers of two among the local despots he made Imperial Vicars in northern cities, Cangrande I della Scala of Verona and Matteo Visconti of Milan.[33]

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(10 August 1296 – 26 August 1346)[39]

John I, King of Bohemia

(1304 – 26 March 1324, Issoudun), married in Paris 21 September 1322 to King Charles IV of France.[39]

Marie

(1305 – 11 November 1319), married 1318 to King Charles I of Hungary. Beatrix died in child birth.[39]

Beatrix

Henry was married in Tervuren 9 July 1292 to Margaret of Brabant, daughter of John I, Duke of Brabant,[39] and had the following children:

Towers and palaces of the Roero

Kurt-Ulrich Jäschke, Peter Thorau (Bearbeiter): Die Regesten des Kaiserreichs unter Rudolf, Adolf, Albrecht, Heinrich VII. 1273–1313. 4. Abteilung: Heinrich VII. 1288/1308–1313, 1. Lieferung: 1288/1308 – August 1309. Böhlau, Vienna 2006,  3-412-01906-2 (online).

ISBN

Kurt-Ulrich Jäschke, Peter Thorau (Bearbeiter): Die Regesten des Kaiserreichs unter Rudolf, Adolf, Albrecht, Heinrich VII. 1273–1313. 4. Abteilung: Die Regesten des Kaiserreichs unter Heinrich VII. 1288/1308–1313, 2. Lieferung: 1. September 1309–23. Oktober 1310. Böhlau, Cologne u. a. 2014,  978-3-412-22181-2 (online).

ISBN

Fundamental for the study of Henry VII and his time are the new Regesta Imperii:


Secondary literature:

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