Secondary school
A secondary school or high school is an institution that provides secondary education. Some secondary schools provide both lower secondary education (ages 11 to 14) and upper secondary education (ages 14 to 18), i.e., both levels 2 and 3 of the ISCED scale, but these can also be provided in separate schools.
"High school" redirects here. For other uses, see High school (disambiguation).
In the United States, most local secondary education systems have separate middle schools and high schools. In the United Kingdom, most state schools and privately funded schools accommodate pupils between the ages of 11–16 or 11–18; some UK private schools, i.e. public schools, admit pupils between the ages of 13 and 18.[1][2][3]
Secondary schools follow on from primary schools and prepare for vocational or tertiary education. In high and middle income countries, attendance is usually compulsory for students at least until age 16. The organisations, buildings, and terminology are more or less unique in each country.[4][5]
Curriculum content
Teaching methods
Costs
Education within the political framework
Use of school building (also in the community setting)
Constraints imposed by the site
Design philosophy
School building design does not happen in isolation. The building or school campus needs to accommodate:
Each country will have a different education system and priorities.[10] Schools need to accommodate students, staff, storage, mechanical and electrical systems, support staff, ancillary staff and administration. The number of rooms required can be determined from the predicted roll of the school and the area needed.
According to standards used in the United Kingdom, a general classroom for 30 students needs to be 55 m2, or more generously 62 m2. A general art room for 30 students needs to be 83 m2, but 104 m2 for 3D textile work. A drama studio or a specialist science laboratory for 30 needs to be 90 m2. Examples are given on how this can be configured for a 1,200 place secondary (practical specialism).[11] and 1,850 place secondary school.[12]
adequately-sized classrooms;
specialized teaching spaces;
a staff preparation room;
an administration block;
multipurpose classrooms;
a general purpose school hall;
laboratories for science, technology, mathematics and life sciences, as may be required;
adequate equipment;
a or library stocks that are regularly renewed; and
library
computer rooms or media centres.
[13]
The building providing the education has to fulfill the needs of: students, teachers, non-teaching support staff, administrators and the community. It has to meet general government building guidelines, health requirements, minimal functional requirements for classrooms, toilets and showers, electricity and services, preparation and storage of textbooks and basic teaching aids.[13] An optimum secondary school will meet the minimum conditions and will have:
Also, a secondary school may have a canteen, serving a set of foods to students, and storage where the equipment of a school is kept.
Government accountants having read the advice then publish minimum guidelines on schools. These enable environmental modelling and establishing building costs. Future design plans are audited to ensure that these standards are met but not exceeded. Government ministries continue to press for the 'minimum' space and cost standards to be reduced.
The UK government published this downwardly revised space formula in 2014. It said the floor area should be 1050 m2 (+ 350 m2 if there is a sixth form) + 6.3 m2/pupil place for 11- to 16-year-olds + 7 m2/pupil place for post-16s. The external finishes were to be downgraded to meet a build cost of £1113/m2.[14]
: secundaria or polimodal, escuela secundaria
Argentina
: high school, secondary college
Australia
: Gymnasium (Ober- & Unterstufe), Hauptschule, Höhere Bundeslehranstalt (HBLA), Höhere Technische Lehranstalt (HTL)
Austria
: orta məktəb
Azerbaijan
: Maddhomik Biddalay or Secondary School (grades 6-10)
Bangladesh
: junior high (grades 7–9), senior high (grades 10–12)
Bahamas, The
: secundair onderwijs/école secondaire, humaniora/humanités
Belgium
: educación primaria superior (grades 6–8) and educación secundaria, (grades 9–12)
Bolivia
: ensino médio (officially), segundo grau (formerly)
Brazil
: mostly sekolah menengah (English translation: secondary school), a few maktab (English translation: college)
Brunei
: cредно образование (grades 8–12)
Bulgaria
: High school, junior high or middle school, secondary school, école secondaire, collegiate institute, polyvalente
Canada
: enseñanza media
Chile
: bachillerato, segunda enseñanza (literally second learning)
Colombia
: střední škola (literally middle school), gymnázium (gymnasium), střední odborné učiliště
Czech Republic
: nivel medio, bachillerato
Dominican Republic
: Thanawya Amma (ثانوية عامة), (public secondary certificate)
Egypt
: high school, college
Fiji
: collège (junior), lycée (senior)
France
: Γυμνάσιο (three years) (gymnasium), Γενικό Λύκειο (three years) (~1996, 2006~present), Ενιαίο Λύκειο (three years), (1997~2006) (lyceum)
Greece
: Secondary school (中學 zung1 hok6)
Hong Kong
: gimnázium (grammar school), középiskola (comprehensive school, lit. "middle-school"), szakközépiskola (vocational secondary school, lit. "specified middle-school")
Hungary
: framhaldsskóli (menntaskóli, iðnskóli, fjölbrautaskóli) from 11-13 Grade. After elementary school (grades 1 through 10), students have the option of entering a framhaldsskóli (lit. continuation school), which will take at least three years.
Iceland
: secondary school or high school (grades 8–10), higher secondary school or senior secondary school or intermediate college or pre-university college (grades 11–12)
India
: sekolah menengah atas (SMA) (lit. "upper middle school"), sekolah menengah pertama (SMP) (lit. "first middle school"), sekolah menengah kejuruan (SMK) (vocational school, lit. "middle vocational school")
Indonesia
: Meánscoil or Secondary School
Ireland
: Madrese Rahnamaie (مدرسه راهنمایی), (public secondary certificate)
Iran
: Bet Sefer Tichon (בית ספר תיכון) (literally middle school, but in reality grades 9-12)
Israel
: scuola secondaria di primo grado (three years) + scuola secondaria di secondo grado (five years): Liceo, Istituto Tecnico and Istituto professionale
Italy
: High School (public school 7–13), colleges (grand-aided schools 7–13)
Jamaica
: chūgakkō (中学校; literally middle school), kōtōgakkō (高等学校; literally high school), chūtōkyōikugakkō (中等教育学校; Secondary School) – In the pre-Meiji educational system, the equivalent was called "chūsei"
Japan
: vidusskola (literally middle school)
Latvia
: gymnasium
Liechtenstein
: Escola secundária (中學 zung1 hok6): schools with secondary sections have Ensino secundário (中學教育 zung1 hok6 gaau3 juk6)
Macau
: secondary school or sekolah menengah, sometimes high school is used
Malaysia
: skola sekondarja or secondary school
Malta
: educación secundaria y preparatoria
Mexico
: бүрэн дунд сургууль
Mongolia
: In Arabic: Junior : Madrasa I'dadia Ta'hilia" (مدرسة إعدادية تأهيلية / preparative qualificative school) ; Senior : Madrasa I'dadia Thanawia" (مدرسة إعدادية ثانوية / preparative secondary school) - In French: lycée
Morocco
: middelbare school or voortgezet onderwijs
Netherlands
: high school, college or secondary school
New Zealand
: Secondary school, Junior or senior secondary school
Nigeria
: videregående skole
Norway
: secondary school, higher secondary school
Pakistan
: educación media
Paraguay
: educación secundaria or escuela secundaria
Peru
: mataas na paaralan; can be divided into "junior high school" (grades 7–10) and "senior high school" (grades 11–12)
Philippines
Poland
: 2º Ciclo do Ensino Básico (5th and 6th grades), 3º Ciclo do Ensino Básico (7th to 9th grades), and Ensino Secundário, Liceu (10th to 12th grades)
Portugal
: gimnaziu (grades 5–8), liceu (grades 9–12)
Romania
: средняя школа (literally middle school); grades 5–9 junior middle school (compulsory), grades 10–11 senior middle school (voluntary)
Russia
: gymnasium (four years), professional schools (four years), vocational schools (three or four years)
Serbia
: High School or Hoërskool
South Africa
: 중고등학교 (中高等學校・Chung'godŭnghakkyo), 중등교육 (Chungdŭng'gyoyuk; literally middle education), comprising 중학교 (Chunghakkyo; the Lower secondary school, years 7–9, though referred to as "middle school grades 1–3") and 고등학교 (Kodŭnghakkyo; the Upper secondary school, years 10–12, though referred to as "high school grades 1–3")
South Korea
: educación secundaria, composed of two cycles: E.S.O. (Educación Secundaria Obligatoria, compulsory secondary education, four years, 7th to 10th grade) and bachillerato (non-compulsory secondary education, to years, 11th and 12th grade); formerly (for those born until 31 December 1983), primary education comprised up to the 8th grade and the secondary education was composed of two non-compulsory cycles: B.U.P. (Bachillerato Unificado Polivalente, three years, 9th to 11th grade) and C.O.U. (Curso de Orientación Universitaria, one year, 12th grade)
Spain
: junior secondary school, senior secondary school
Sri Lanka
: Junior High School (國民中學), Senior High School (高級中學), Vocational High School (高級職業中學), Military School (軍校), and Complete High School (完全中學).
Taiwan
: matthayommasueksa (มัธยมศึกษา; lit. "Secondary education")
Thailand
: Secondary School, Forms 1 to 5 (five years) or Forms 1-6 (seven years)
Trinidad and Tobago
: Lise
Turkey
United Kingdom
England
: High school (North America) (usually grades 9–12 but sometimes 10–12, it is also called senior high school) is always considered secondary education; junior high school or intermediate school or middle school (6–8, 7–8, 6–9, 7–9, or other variations) are sometimes considered secondary education.
United States
: Liceo or Secundaria (three years of compulsory education: Ciclo Básico; and three years of specialization: Bachillerato Diversificado, into: Humanities (Law or Economics), Biology (Medicine or Agronomy), Science (Engineering or Architecture), and Art
Uruguay
: bachillerato
Venezuela
: Trung học cơ sở (abbreviated THCS, lit. "basic middle school", equivalent to junior high school in the U.S.); trung học phổ thông (abbr. THPT, lit. "general middle school", equivalent to senior high school in the U.S.)
Vietnam
A secondary school locally may be called a high school (abbreviated as HS or H.S.), can also be called senior high school. In some countries there are two phases to secondary education (ISCED 2) and (ISCED 3), here the junior high school, intermediate school, lower secondary school, or middle school occurs between the primary school (ISCED 1) and high school.