History of Cleveland

The written history of Cleveland began with the city's founding by General Moses Cleaveland of the Connecticut Land Company on July 22, 1796. Its central location on the southern shore of Lake Erie and the mouth of the Cuyahoga River allowed it to become a major center for Great Lakes trade in northern Ohio in the early 19th century. An important Northern city during the American Civil War, Cleveland grew into a major industrial metropolis and a gateway for European and Middle Eastern immigrants, as well as African American migrants, seeking jobs and opportunity.

For most of the 20th century, Cleveland was one of America's largest cities, but after World War II, it suffered from post-war deindustrialization and suburbanization. The city has pursued a gradual recovery since the 1980s, becoming a major national center for healthcare and the arts by the early 21st century.

1863 – Free home delivery of mail - Joseph W. Briggs

1879 – - Charles F. Brush

Electric lighting of public streets

1880 – Standardized formula paints -

Sherwin-Williams Co.

1890 – (The Arcade)

Indoor shopping center

1896 – and whole-body scanner – Dayton C. Miller (Case School of Applied Science); X-Ray photograph in the U.S. - Dudley Wick (his hand)

X-ray machine

1898 – Automobile sale in the U.S. -

Alexander Winton

1899 – Wound-rubber core - Haskell Coburn

golf ball

1900 – Automobile club

1901 – - Alexander Winton

Automobile steering wheel

1905 – Blood transfusion - Dr.

George W. Crile, Sr.

1910 – Automobile shock absorbers - C. H. Foster

1914 – - Euclid Ave. & East 105th St.

Electric traffic signal

1915 –

Submachine gun

1916 – successfully demonstrated at Cleveland Waterworks explosion - Garrett A. Morgan

Gas mask

1920 – Unassisted in a World Series Baseball Game

triple play

1921 – - Frederick G. and William M. Folberth

Automobile windshield wiper

1927 – Municipal airport (Cleveland Hopkins International) and air traffic control tower

1928 – Frosted light bulbs -

Marvin Pipkin

1929 – (tested)

Airplane automatic pilot

1936 – Health museum

1951 – (public recognition and coinage of the term) - Alan Freed

Rock and Roll Music

1952 – Successful Siamese twin separation

1967 – Elected the first African American mayor of a major U.S. city - Carl B. Stokes; - Dr. René Favaloro - Cleveland Clinic

Coronary artery bypass

1968 – Rapid transit rail service from airport to downtown

American urban history

Timeline of Cleveland

History of Cleveland Clinic

History of the Cleveland Browns

History of the Cleveland Cavaliers

History of the Cleveland Guardians

History of Ohio

online copy of its text

Albrecht, Brian; Banks, James (2015). Cleveland in World War II. Charleston: The History Press. 978-1-62619-882-1.

ISBN

Barton, Josef J. Peasants and Strangers: Italians, Rumanians, and Slovaks in an American City, 1890-1950 (1975). about Cleveland.

online

Bender, Kim K. "Cleveland, a leader among cities: The municipal home rule movement of the Progressive Era, 1900-1915" (PhD dissertation, University of Oklahoma; ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 1996. 9623672).

Bionaz, Robert Emery. "Streetcar city: Popular politics and the shaping of urban progressivism in Cleveland, 1880–1910" (PhD dissertation, University of Iowa; ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2002. 3050774).

Borchert, James, and Susan Borchert. "Downtown, Uptown, Out of Town: Diverging Patterns of Upper-Class Residential Landscapes in Buffalo, Pittsburgh, and Cleveland, 1885-1935." Social Science History 26#2 (2002): 311–346.

Briggs, Robert L. "The Progressive Era In Cleveland, Ohio: Tom L. Johnson's Administration, 1901-1909" (PhD dissertation, University of Chicago; Proquest Dissertations Publishing, 1962. T-09573).

at Case Western Reserve University

The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History

at Cleveland State University

Cleveland Historical