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Homelessness

Homelessness or houselessness – also known as a state of being unhoused or unsheltered – is the condition of lacking stable, safe, and functional housing. The general category includes disparate situations, such as living on the streets, moving between temporary accommodation such as family or friends, living in boarding houses with no security of tenure,[1] and people who leave their domiciles because of civil conflict and are refugees within their country.

"Homeless" redirects here. For other uses, see Homeless (disambiguation).

Homelessness

Houselessness, unhoused, unsheltered, out the front, destitute, deserted, vagrancy

Lack of long-term shelter options which eventually culminates into further issues.

Long-term

100 million (2005 estimate)

The legal status of homeless people varies from place to place.[2] United States government homeless enumeration studies[3][4] also include people who sleep in a public or private place, which is not designed for use as a regular sleeping accommodation for human beings.[5][6] Homelessness and poverty are interrelated.[1] There is no methodological consensus on counting homeless people and identifying their needs; therefore, in most cities, only estimated homeless populations are known.[7]


In 2005, an estimated 100 million people worldwide were homeless, and as many as one billion people (one in 6.5 at the time) live as squatters, refugees, or in temporary shelters.[8][9][10] Unhoused persons who travel are termed vagrants; of those, persons looking for work are hobos, those who don't are tramps. Bum is a general term for a stationary homeless person.

Other terms[edit]

Recent homeless enumeration survey documentation utilizes the term unsheltered homeless. The common colloquial term "street people" does not fully encompass all unsheltered people, in that many such persons do not spend their time in urban street environments. Many shun such locales, because homeless people in urban environments may face the risk of being robbed or assaulted. Some people convert unoccupied or abandoned buildings ("squatting"), or inhabit mountainous areas or, more often, lowland meadows, creek banks, and beaches.[17]


Many jurisdictions have developed programs to provide short-term emergency shelter during particularly cold spells, often in churches or other institutional properties. These are referred to as warming centers, and are credited by their advocates as lifesaving.[18]

Hygiene and sanitary facilities

Hostility from the public and laws against urban vagrancy

Cleaning and drying of clothes

Obtaining, preparing, and storing food

Keeping contact with friends, family, and government service providers without a permanent location or mailing address

Medical problems, including issues caused by an individual's homeless state (e.g., or frostbite from sleeping outside in cold weather), or issues that are exacerbated by homelessness due to lack of access to treatment (e.g., mental health and the individual not having a place to store prescription drugs)

hypothermia

Personal security, quiet, and privacy, especially for sleeping, bathing, and other hygiene activities

Safekeeping of bedding, clothing, and possessions, which may have to be carried at all times

24-hour are now used by over 5,000 Japanese "Net cafe refugees". An estimated 75 percent of Japan's 3,200 all-night internet cafes cater to regular overnight guests, who in some cases have become their main source of income.[297]

Internet cafes

24-hour restaurants are used by "McRefugees" in Japan, China, and Hong Kong. There are about 250 McRefugees in Hong Kong.[298]

McDonald's

: temporary sleeping arrangements in dwellings of friends or family members ("couch surfing"). This can also include housing in exchange for labor or sex. Couch surfers may be harder to recognize than street homeless people and are often omitted from housing counts.[299]

Couch surfing

: including emergency cold-weather shelters opened by churches or community agencies, which may consist of cots in a heated warehouse, or temporary Christmas Shelters. More elaborate homeless shelters such as Pinellas Hope in Florida provide residents with a recreation tent, a dining tent, laundry facilities, outdoor tents, casitas, and shuttle services that help inhabitants get to their jobs each day.[300]

Homeless shelters

Inexpensive : have also been called flophouses. They offer cheap, low-quality temporary lodging.

boarding houses

Inexpensive offer cheap, low-quality temporary lodging. However, some who can afford housing live in a motel by choice. For example, David and Jean Davidson spent 22 years at various U.K. Travelodges.[301]

motels

Public places: Parks, bus or train stations, public libraries, airports, public transportation vehicles (by continual riding where unlimited passes are available), hospital lobbies or waiting areas, college campuses, and 24-hour businesses such as . Many public places use security guards or police to prevent people from loitering or sleeping at these locations for a variety of reasons, including image, safety, and comfort of patrons.[302][303]

coffee shops

: ad hoc dwelling sites of improvised shelters and shacks, usually near rail yards, interstates and high transportation veins. Some shantytowns have interstitial tenting areas, but the predominant feature consists of hard structures. Each pad or site tends to accumulate roofing, sheathing, plywood, and nailed two-by-fours.

Shantytowns

(more commonly abbreviated to SRO): a form of housing that is typically aimed at residents with low or minimal incomes who rent small, furnished single rooms with a bed, chair, and sometimes a small desk.[304] SRO units are rented out as permanent residence or primary residence[305] to individuals, within a multi-tenant building where tenants share a kitchen, toilets or bathrooms. In the 2010s, some SRO units may have a small refrigerator, microwave, and sink.[304] (also called a "residential hotel").

Single room occupancy

in an unoccupied structure where a homeless person may live without payment and the owner's knowledge or permission. Often these buildings are long abandoned and not safe to occupy.

Squatting

: ad hoc campsites of tents and improvised shelters consisting of tarpaulins and blankets, often near industrial and institutionally zoned real estate such as rail yards, highways and high transportation veins. A few more elaborate tent cities, such as Dignity Village, are hybrids of tent cities and shantytowns. Tent cities frequently consist only of tents and fabric-improvised structures, with no semi-permanent structures at all.

Tent cities

Outdoors: on the ground or in a , tent, or improvised shelter, such as a large cardboard box, under a bridge, in an urban doorway, in a park, or in a vacant lot.

sleeping bag

Tunnels such as abandoned subway, maintenance, or train tunnels are popular among long-term or permanent homeless people.[307] The inhabitants of such refuges are called in some places, like New York City, "Mole People". Natural caves beneath urban centers allow for places where people can congregate. Leaking water pipes, electric wires, and steam pipes allow for some of the essentials of living.

[306]

Vehicles: cars or trucks used as temporary or sometimes long-term living quarters, for example by those recently evicted from a home. Some people live in (RVs), school buses, vans, sport utility vehicles, covered pickup trucks, station wagons, sedans, or hatchbacks. The vehicular homeless, according to homeless advocates and researchers, comprise the fastest-growing segment of the homeless population.[308] Many cities have safe parking programs in which lawful sites are permitted at churches or in other out-of-the-way locations. For example, because it is illegal to park on the street in Santa Barbara, California, the New Beginnings Counseling Center worked with the city to make designated parking lots available to homeless people.[300]

recreational vehicles

, Chaplin provides light-hearted humor through lovable personalities. Fred Glass writes the social type of Chaplin's character represented was familiar and emotionally appealing. One account given is that Chaplin based his character on a man whom he had met in San Francisco in 1914.[347]

Little Tramp

, a 1936 film, shows the negative effects of vagrancy laws.

Modern Times

, 1966, shows the effects of homelessness on parenthood.

Cathy Come Home

, 1988, a made-for-TV movie about single mother (Mare Winningham) living on the streets of New York City with her young daughter.

God Bless the Child

, a 2020 dark comedy film and television series with the same name released in 2019, is story about a mother named Sally Silver and her mentally ill son Sam Silver who comes up with ways to live normal lives while being homeless in Koreatown, Los Angeles.

Homeless Sam & Sally

, 2000, a documentary by Marc Singer, who followed the lives of people living in the Freedom Tunnel, an Amtrak tunnel in New York City.

Dark Days

, a 2003 film about a homeless girl, Liz Murray, who works her way up to admission to Harvard University.

Homeless to Harvard: The Liz Murray Story

, a 2011 British documentary film about a homeless man who makes it on his own for six years without any government programs helping him.

66 Months

, a 2006 biographical film where a father and son get a job and end up homeless after an eviction and later a tax garnishment. After several weeks living from place to place in 1981 San Francisco, he lands a permanent position in a brokerage firm after completing an unpaid internship.

The Pursuit of Happyness

, a 2017 American film about a successful art dealer, his wife, and an initially violent member of a homeless shelter community. It is based on the 2006 book of the same name.

Same Kind of Different as Me

, a 1991 comedy-drama that focuses on a homeless con artist and his friend who gets lucky with a roof over their heads by tricking a wealthy attorney.

Curly Sue

, a 1991 comedy about a wealthy businessman who bets a corporate rival that he can live his life as a homeless man, but finds out later on in the story that being homeless is not easy or fun.

Life Stinks

, a 1993 drama where a homeless disabled man gets guidance from a friendly veteran as they cope with the realities of living on the streets.

The Saint of Fort Washington

Ghost town repopulation

Grave dwellers

, a bronze sculpture by Canadian sculptor Timothy Schmalz depicting Jesus as a homeless person sleeping on a park bench, which since 2013 has been installed in many places across the world

Homeless Jesus

Hunter-gatherers

Internally displaced person

Nomads

Right to housing

Archived 26 March 2020 at the Wayback MachineThe Uncommon Magazine, by Avery Kim, 6 July 2016

Homeless of New York – Article + Video