Iroquois
The Iroquois (/ˈɪrəkwɔɪ, -kwɑː/ IRR-ə-kwoy, -kwah), also known as the Five Nations, and later as the Six Nations from 1722 onwards; alternatively referred to by the endonym Haudenosaunee (/ˌhoʊdɪnoʊˈʃoʊni/ HOH-din-oh-SHOH-nee;[3] lit. 'people who are building the longhouse') are an Iroquoian-speaking confederacy of Native Americans and First Nations peoples in northeast North America. They were known by the French during the colonial years as the Iroquois League, and later as the Iroquois Confederacy, while the English simply called them the "Five Nations". The peoples of the Iroquois included (from east to west) the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca. After 1722, the Iroquoian-speaking Tuscarora people from the southeast were accepted into the confederacy, from which point it was known as the "Six Nations".
This article is about the confederacy. For the ethnolinguistic group in general, see Iroquoian peoples. For other uses, see Iroquois (disambiguation).
Iroquois ConfederacyHaudenosaunee
Recognized confederation, later became an unrecognized government[1][2]
Onondaga (village), Onondaga Nation (at various modern locations:
- Before 1609: Cazenovia, New York
- 1609–1615: Pompey, New York
- 1615–1640: Delphi Falls, New York
- 1640 onwards: Manlius, New York)
Grand Council of the Six Nations
Between 1450 and 1660 (estimate)
The Confederacy likely came about between the years 1450 CE and 1660 CE as a result of the Great Law of Peace, said to have been composed by the Deganawidah the Great Peacemaker, Hiawatha, and Jigonsaseh the Mother of Nations. For nearly 200 years, the Six Nations/Haudenosaunee Confederacy were a powerful factor in North American colonial policy, with some scholars arguing for the concept of the Middle Ground,[4] in that European powers were used by the Iroquois just as much as Europeans used them.[5] At its peak around 1700, Iroquois power extended from what is today New York State, north into present-day Ontario and Quebec along the lower Great Lakes–upper St. Lawrence, and south on both sides of the Allegheny mountains into present-day Virginia and Kentucky and into the Ohio Valley.
The St. Lawrence Iroquoians, Wendat (Huron), Erie, and Susquehannock, all independent peoples known to the European colonists, also spoke Iroquoian languages. They are considered Iroquoian in a larger cultural sense, all being descended from the Proto-Iroquoian people and language. Historically, however, they were competitors and enemies of the Iroquois Confederacy nations.[6]
In 2010, more than 45,000 enrolled Six Nations people lived in Canada, and over 81,000 in the United States.[7][8]
Total population
80,000
45,000