James Foley (journalist)
James Wright Foley (October 18, 1973 – c. August 19, 2014) was an American journalist and video reporter. While working as a freelance war correspondent during the Syrian Civil War, he was abducted on November 22, 2012, in northwestern Syria. He was murdered by decapitation in August 2014 purportedly as a response to American airstrikes in Iraq, thus becoming the first American citizen killed by the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS).[1]
James Foley
Before becoming a journalist, Foley was an instructor for Teach For America.[2][3]
By spring 2008, in Iraq, he became an embedded journalist with an Indiana National Guard unit,[4] writing a story for In These Times, about condolence payments paid to Iraqis.[5]
In 2008, he became an embedded journalist with USAID-funded development projects in Iraq, and in 2011 he wrote for the military newspaper Stars and Stripes in Afghanistan, and GlobalPost in Libya. There, he was captured by Gaddafi loyalist forces and held for 44 days. The next year, Foley was captured in Syria while he was working for Agence France-Presse and GlobalPost.
Early life[edit]
Foley was born in Evanston, Illinois,[6][7] the oldest of five children born to Diane and John Foley of Rochester, New Hampshire.[8] He grew up in Wolfeboro, New Hampshire, where he attended Kingswood Regional High School.[9] He was raised as a Catholic.[10][11] In 1996, he graduated from Marquette University, earning a Bachelor of Arts degree in history and Spanish,[12] followed by a Master of Fine Arts in creative writing from the University of Massachusetts Amherst in 2002, and a Master of Science[13] from Northwestern University's Medill School of Journalism in 2008.[14][15][16][17]
Career[edit]
Foley began his career as a teacher in Arizona for Teach For America. In 1999, Foley decided to pursue his MFA in creative writing at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. Upon completion of his MFA in 2003, Foley returned to Phoenix for one year before relocating to Chicago in the summer of 2004 and taking a job teaching writing to young felons at the Cook County Boot Camp. In 2007, Foley enrolled in Northwestern's Medill School of Journalism.[18]
Starting in 2008, Foley worked for USAID-funded 'Tatweer' development projects in Baghdad.[19] He helped organize conferences and training seminars for a program designed to rebuild Iraq's civil service, crippled by decades of isolation and autocratic administration.
In 2008, he became an embedded journalist, in Iraq, with the U.S. 101st Airborne Division.[20]
In 2009, he became an embedded journalist, in Nuristan, Nangahar and Kunar, Afghanistan, with the United States 4th Infantry Division and 10th Mountain Division.[20]
In 2010, he left Iraq and applied for military embed-journalist accommodation status in Afghanistan to become a freelance journalist.[21] He was an embedded journalist with U.S troops in Iraq, where his brother was serving as an officer in the United States Air Force.[21]
In January 2011, Foley joined Stars and Stripes as a reporter on assignment in Afghanistan. Two months later he was removed from his post after being detained by U.S. military police at Kandahar Air Field on suspicion of possessing and using marijuana. On March 3, 2011, Foley admitted that he had marijuana in his possession and resigned his position.[22][23][24]
In 2011, while working for the Boston-based GlobalPost, Foley went to Libya to cover the uprising against Muammar Gaddafi, embedding himself with rebel fighters.[18]
2011 detention in Libya[edit]
According to media reports, on the morning of April 5, 2011, Foley, fellow American Clare Morgana Gillis, a freelance reporter (Atlantic Monthly, Christian Science Monitor, USA Today), as well as Spanish photographer Manu Brabo, were attacked and captured near Brega, Libya, by forces loyal to Gaddafi; fellow photojournalist Anton Hammerl was killed.[25][26][27] When the shooting started, Foley and Gillis both heard Hammerl yell out, "Help!" Foley, Gillis, and Brabo were beaten by the pro-Gaddafi forces and then taken as their prisoners.[28][29][26] Foley stated: "Once I saw Anton lying there dead, it was like everything had changed. The whole world has changed. I don't even know that I felt some of the blows."[30] Gillis said, "We all glanced down at him as we were being taken by, and I saw him just lying in a pool of blood. And then we were put into the truck and our heads were pushed down. We weren't able to see anything that happened after that to him."[31]
Foley was released from jail 44 days later.[27] On May 18, Foley, Gillis and Brabo, as well as Nigel Chandler (an English journalist also being held), were brought to the Rixos Hotel in Tripoli after release. Foley returned to Milwaukee to thank the community for praying for his safe return.[32] In an interview, he said, "You go through different emotions when you're in captivity... These weird extreme ideas of where you are based on this capture. You don't want to be defined as that guy who got captured in 2011. I believe front line journalism is important [without it] we can't tell the world how bad it might be."[33] Foley also wrote an article for Marquette Magazine about how rosary prayers helped get him through his captivity.[34][35] His experience of being captured did not deter him; he quickly returned to Libya, and was at the scene of Muammar Gaddafi's capture with GlobalPost correspondent Tracey Shelton on October 20, 2011.[36]
Video[edit]
In response to the widespread posting, viewing, and commenting on the video depicting Foley's murder, Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis Sir Bernard Hogan-Howe warned "We would like to remind the public that viewing, downloading or disseminating extremist material within the UK may constitute an offence under terrorism legislation." He went on to explain that while viewing the video was technically a crime, his officers would be focused on tracking down those who shared the footage or glorified it.[82] Twitter and YouTube executives also warned objectionable material would be deleted and accounts that posted it, or spread it, would be blocked.[82]
Legacy[edit]
Since 2014,[83] the James Foley Medill Medal for Courage in Journalism, from Medill School of Journalism, at Northwestern University, "is given to the individual or team of journalists working for a U.S.-based media outlet who best display moral, ethical or physical courage in the pursuit of a story or series of stories."[13]
In 2014, Agence France-Presse (AFP) also released a statement saying that it would "no longer accept work from freelance journalists who travel to places where we ourselves would not venture."[84]
Former students and colleagues from Lowell Elementary (where he taught for three years) have since started a scholarship in his name.
The James Foley Scholarship in the J. William and Mary Diederich College of Communication was established at Marquette University in his honor.[85][86]
On August 22, 2014, Indian sand artist Sudarsan Pattnaik created a sculpture depicting the face of Foley, made of four tons of sand on the beach of Puri city in the eastern province of Odisha. The sculpture, with a message reading "Don't kill innocents!", drew a sizeable crowd on the beach.[87]
In 2014, Boston-based GlobalPost, for which Foley had been a contributor, released a statement saying, "While we continue to send staff correspondents to Syria, we no longer accept freelance work from that war zone."[88]
In 2014, Pope Francis called Foley's family to express his condolences.[89]
In 2014, Foley's brother said he believed the U.S. government could have done more to save James during hostage negotiations, adding he hoped the government would "take another look at our approach to terrorist and hostage negotiation."[90]
In 2014, Foley's family started the James W. Foley Legacy Fund to work in three areas: "building a resource center for families of American hostages and fostering a global dialog on governmental policies in hostage crises; supporting American journalists reporting from conflict zones and promoting quality educational opportunities for urban youth."[91] The James W. Foley Legacy Foundation (JWFLF) was established following his death. His family and friends felt challenged to continue his legacy of commitment to the truth and compassion for those without a voice. The foundation seeks to "advocate for the safe return of Americans taken hostage [and] educate student journalists about staying safe in dangerous situations."[92]
In 2016, the documentary film Jim: The James Foley Story was released, directed by Brian Oakes and distributed by Dogwoof.
In November 2016, Sting, an English singer, wrote and recorded "The Empty Chair", a song about Foley's fate, appearing as the last track on his solo studio album 57th & 9th released .[93] The song was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song.
In 2018, according to Charlie Savage, writing in The New York Times, Foley's mother Diane has called for the individuals who murdered him and abused him to be given a fair trial, not tried through a Guantanamo Military Commission.[94] She argued that an unfair trial would aid the terrorist cause.
In 2019, the Danish biographical narrative film Daniel, about fellow ISIS hostage Daniel Rye Ottosen, released for ransom, includes Foley, as played by Toby Kebbell.
In 2024 on the 4th of January, author Colum McCann (with Diane Foley) wrote a tribute to the Foley family in loving memory of James as seen through the perspective of his mother, Diane, the book: "American Mother".
kidnapped journalists