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Jewish Babylonian Aramaic

Jewish Babylonian Aramaic (Aramaic: ארמית Ārāmît) was the form of Middle Aramaic employed by writers in Lower Mesopotamia between the fourth and eleventh centuries. It is most commonly identified with the language of the Babylonian Talmud (which was completed in the seventh century), the Targum Onqelos, and of post-Talmudic (Gaonic) literature, which are the most important cultural products of Babylonian Jews. The most important epigraphic sources for the dialect are the hundreds of inscriptions on incantation bowls.[1]

"Talmudic Aramaic" redirects here. For the language of the Jerusalem Talmud, see Jewish Palestinian Aramaic.

Babylonian Aramaic

Babylonia, modern day southern and some of central Iraq

ca. 200–1200 CE

Babylonian Alphabet

tmr

jewi1240

Modern study[edit]

The language has received considerable scholarly attention, as shown in the bibliography below. However, the majority of those who are familiar with it, namely Orthodox Jewish students of Talmud, are given no systematic instruction in the language, and are expected to "sink or swim" in the course of their Talmudic studies, with the help of some informal pointers showing similarities and differences with Hebrew.[157]

Jewish Palestinian Aramaic

Bar-Asher Siegal, Elitzur A., , Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, 2013 ISBN 978-3-86835-084-5

Introduction to the Grammar of Jewish Babylonian Aramaic

J. N. Epstein, Diqduq Aramit Bavlit ("Grammar of Babylonian Aramaic"), 1960 (Hebrew)

Grammar for Gemara: An Introduction to Babylonian Aramaic: Jerusalem, Ariel Institute, 2000 ISBN 0-87306-612-X

Frank, Yitzhak

A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature (reprinted many times) ISBN 1-56563-860-3

Jastrow, Marcus

Kara, Yehiel, Babylonian Aramaic in the Yemenite Manuscripts of the Talmud: Orthography, Phonology and Morphology of the Verb: Jerusalem 1983

Klein, Hyman, An Introduction to the Aramaic of the Babylonian Talmud: London 1943

Kutscher, Eduard Yechezkel, Hebrew and Aramaic Studies, ed. Z. Ben-Hayyim, A. Dotan, and G. Sarfatti: Jerusalem, The Magnes Press / The Hebrew University, 1977

Levias, Caspar, A grammar of the Aramaic idiom contained in the Babylonian Talmud: 1900 (reprints available)

Marcus, David, A Manual of Babylonian Jewish Aramaic: University Press of America, Paperback  0-8191-1363-8

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A manual of the Aramaic language of the Babylonian Talmud; grammar chrestomathy & glossaries: Munich 1910 (reprints available)

Margolis, Max Leopold

Melamed, Ezra Zion, Dictionary of the Babylonian Talmud, Feldheim 2005  1-58330-776-1

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Morag, Shelomo (1988). Babylonian Aramaic: The Yemenite Tradition – Historical Aspects and Transmission Phonology: the Verbal System . Jerusalem: Ben Zvi Institute.  0-8018-7233-2. (in Hebrew)

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Morgenstern, Matthew (2011). Studies in Jewish Babylonian Aramaic Based Upon Early Eastern Manuscripts. Harvard Semitic Studies.  978-1-57506-938-8.

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Sokoloff, Michael (2003). A Dictionary of Jewish Babylonian Aramaic of the Talmudic and Geonic Periods. Bar Ilan and Johns Hopkins University Press.  0-8018-7233-2.

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