John Polkinghorne
John Charlton Polkinghorne KBE FRS (16 October 1930 – 9 March 2021) was an English theoretical physicist, theologian, and Anglican priest.[10] A prominent and leading voice explaining the relationship between science and religion, he was professor of mathematical physics at the University of Cambridge from 1968 to 1979, when he resigned his chair to study for the priesthood, becoming an ordained Anglican priest in 1982. He served as the president of Queens' College, Cambridge, from 1988 until 1996.
John Polkinghorne
9 March 2021 (aged 90)
Cambridge, England
United Kingdom
- Fellow of the Royal Society (1974)
- KBE (1997)
- Templeton Prize (2002)
Christianity (Anglican)
- 1981 (deacon)
- 1982 (priest)
- Vicar of Blean (1984–1986)
- Dean of Chapel at Trinity Hall, Cambridge (1986–1989)
- Canon Theologian of Liverpool Cathedral (1994–2005)
Contributions to Quantum Field Theory (1955)
- The Way the World Is (1983)
- Faith, Science and Understanding (2000)
Polkinghorne was the author of five books on physics and twenty-six on the relationship between science and religion;[11] his publications include The Quantum World (1989), Quantum Physics and Theology: An Unexpected Kinship (2005), Exploring Reality: The Intertwining of Science and Religion (2007), and Questions of Truth (2009). The Polkinghorne Reader (edited by Thomas Jay Oord) provides key excerpts from Polkinghorne's most influential books. He was knighted in 1997 and in 2002 received the £1-million Templeton Prize, awarded for exceptional contributions to affirming life's spiritual dimension.[12]
Early life and education[edit]
Polkinghorne was born in Weston-super-Mare in Somerset on 16 October 1930 to Dorothy Charlton, the daughter of a groom and George Polkinghorne, who worked for the post office. John was the couple's third child. He had a brother, Peter, and a sister, Ann, who died when she was six, one month before John's birth. Peter died in 1942 while flying for the Royal Air Force during the Second World War.[13]
He was educated at the local primary school in Street, Somerset, then was taught by a friend of the family at home, and later at a Quaker school. When he was 11 he went to Elmhurst Grammar School in Street, and when his father was promoted to head postmaster in Ely in 1945, Polkinghorne was transferred to The Perse School, Cambridge.[13] Following National Service in the Royal Army Educational Corps from 1948 to 1949, he read mathematics at Trinity College, Cambridge, graduating in 1952 as Senior Wrangler, then earned his PhD in physics in 1955, supervised by the Nobel laureate Abdus Salam in the group led by Paul Dirac.[14]
Career[edit]
Physics[edit]
Polkinghorne joined the Christian Union of UCCF while at Cambridge and met his future wife, Ruth Martin, another member of the union and also a mathematics student.[13] They married on 26 March 1955, and at the end of that year sailed from Liverpool to New York.[13] Polkinghorne accepted a postdoctoral Harkness Fellowship with the California Institute of Technology, where he worked with Murray Gell-Mann.[13] Toward the end of the fellowship he was offered a position as lecturer at the University of Edinburgh, which he took up in 1956.[13]
After two years in Scotland, he returned to teach at Cambridge in 1958.[13] He was promoted to reader in 1965,[15] and in 1968 was offered a professorship in mathematical physics, a position he held until 1979,[13] his students including Brian Josephson and Martin Rees.[16] For 25 years, he worked on theories about elementary particles, played a role in the discovery of the quark,[12] and researched the analytic and high-energy properties of Feynman integrals and the foundations of S-matrix theory.[17] While employed by Cambridge, he also spent time at Princeton, Berkeley, Stanford, and at CERN in Geneva. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1974.[13][18]
Priesthood and Queens' College[edit]
Polkinghorne decided to train for the priesthood in 1977.[19] He said in an interview that he felt he had done his bit for science after 25 years, and that his best mathematical work was probably behind him; Christianity had always been central to his life, so ordination offered an attractive second career.[13] He resigned his chair in 1979 to study at Westcott House, Cambridge, an Anglican theological college, becoming an ordained priest on 6 June 1982 (Trinity Sunday). The ceremony was held at Trinity College, Cambridge, and presided over by Bishop John A. T. Robinson. He worked for five years as a curate in south Bristol, then as vicar in Blean, Kent, before returning to Cambridge in 1986 as dean of chapel at Trinity Hall.[12][20] He became the president of Queens' College that year, a position he held until his retirement in 1996.[20] He served as canon theologian of Liverpool Cathedral from 1994 to 2005.[21] Polkinghorne died on 9 March 2021 at the age of 90.[22]
Awards[edit]
In 1997 Polkinghorne was made a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE), although as an ordained priest in the Church of England, he was not styled as "Sir John Polkinghorne". He was an honorary fellow of St Chad's College, Durham, and was awarded an honorary doctorate by the University of Durham in 1998; and in 2002 was awarded the Templeton Prize for his contributions to research at the interface between science and religion.[23] He spoke on "The Universe as Creation" at the Trotter Prize ceremony in 2003.
He has been a member of the BMA Medical Ethics Committee, the General Synod of the Church of England, the Doctrine Commission, and the Human Genetics Commission. He served as chairman of the governors of The Perse School from 1972 to 1981. He was a fellow of Queens' College, Cambridge, and was for 10 years a canon theologian of Liverpool Cathedral. He was a founding member of the Society of Ordained Scientists and also of the International Society for Science and Religion, of which he was the first president.[24] He was selected to give the prestigious Gifford Lectures in 1993–1994, which he later published as The Faith of a Physicist.
In 2006 he was awarded an honorary doctorate by the Hong Kong Baptist University as part of their 50-year celebrations. This included giving a public lecture on "The Dialogue between Science and Religion and Its Significance for the Academy" and an "East–West Dialogue" with Yang Chen-Ning, a Nobel laureate in physics.[25] He was a member of staff of the Psychology and Religion Research Group at Cambridge University.[26] He was an honorary fellow of St Edmund's College, Cambridge.[27]
