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George IV

George IV (George Augustus Frederick; 12 August 1762 – 26 June 1830) was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and King of Hanover from 29 January 1820 until his death in 1830. At the time of his accession to the throne, he was acting as prince regent for his father, King George III, having done so since 5 February 1811 during his father's final mental illness.

"The Prince Regent" redirects here. For other uses, see prince regent and George IV (disambiguation).

George IV

29 January 1820 – 26 June 1830

19 July 1821

5 February 1811 – 29 January 1820

(1762-08-12)12 August 1762
St James's Palace, London, England

26 June 1830(1830-06-26) (aged 67)
Windsor Castle, Berkshire, England

15 July 1830

(m. 1795; died 1821)

Signature of George IV

George IV was the eldest child of King George III and Queen Charlotte. He led an extravagant lifestyle that contributed to the fashions of the Regency era. He was a patron of new forms of leisure, style and taste. He commissioned John Nash to build the Royal Pavilion in Brighton and remodel Buckingham Palace, and commissioned Jeffry Wyatville to rebuild Windsor Castle. George's charm and culture earned him the title "the first gentleman of England", but his dissolute way of life and poor relationships with his parents and his wife, Caroline of Brunswick, earned him the contempt of the people and dimmed the prestige of the monarchy. He excluded Caroline from his coronation and asked the government to introduce the unpopular Pains and Penalties Bill in an unsuccessful attempt to divorce her.


George's rule was tarnished by scandal and financial extravagance. His ministers found his behaviour selfish, unreliable and irresponsible and he was strongly influenced by favourites.[1] During most of George's regency and reign, Lord Liverpool controlled the government as prime minister of the United Kingdom. Liverpool's government presided over Britain's ultimate victory over Napoleon and negotiated a peace settlement with the French. After Liverpool's retirement, George was forced to accept Catholic emancipation despite opposing it. His only legitimate child, Princess Charlotte, predeceased him in 1817, as did his childless younger brother Prince Frederick in 1827, so he was succeeded by another younger brother, William IV.

Titles, styles, honours, and arms[edit]

Titles and styles[edit]

At birth, George was entitled to the dignities Prince of Great Britain and Ireland, Electoral Prince of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Duke of Cornwall, and Duke of Rothesay.[92] Under the Act of Parliament that instituted the regency, the prince's formal title as regent was "Regent of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland".[93]

(1998). George IV. Stroud, Gloucestershire: Sutton Publishing. ISBN 0-7509-1821-7.

De-la-Noy, Michael

(1963). The Regency Crisis and the Whigs. Cambridge University Press.

Derry, John W.

Garrett, Natalee (2022). . Royal Studies Journal. 9 (2): 99–115.

"Royalty, Celebrity, and the Press in Georgian Britain, 1770-1820"

(1972). George IV, Prince of Wales, 1762–1811. London: Longman. ISBN 0-582-12675-4.

Hibbert, Christopher

Hibbert, Christopher (1973). . London: Allen Lane. ISBN 0-7139-0487-9.

George IV, Regent and King, 1811–1830

Hibbert, Christopher (2008) [2004]. "George IV (1762–1830)". (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/10541. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)

Oxford Dictionary of National Biography

Innes, Arthur Donald (1914). A History of England and the British Empire. Vol. 3. The MacMillan Company.

Innes, Arthur Donald (1915). A History of England and the British Empire. Vol. 4. The MacMillan Company.

Parissien, Steven (2001). George IV: The Grand Entertainment. London: John Murray.  0-7195-5652-X.

ISBN

Prebble, John (1988). The King's Jaunt: George IV in Scotland, 1822. London: Collins.  9-780002-154048.

ISBN

(1999). George IV. Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-07685-1.

Smith, E. A.

Machin, G. I. T. (1964). The Catholic Question in English Politics 1820 to 1830. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

(1969). The Prince of Pleasure and His Regency (1811–20). London: Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-434-60357-2.

Priestley, J. B.

Raymond, John (1962). "King George IV: A Reappraisal". . 12 (8, 9): 538–547, 614–621.

History Today

. The Disastrous Marriage: A Study of George IV and Caroline of Brunswick. London: Jonathan Cape, 1960

Richardson, Joanna

Richardson, Joanna. George IV. A Portrait. London: Sidgwick & Jackson, 1966

Media related to George IV of the United Kingdom at Wikimedia Commons

at the official website of the British monarchy

George IV

at the official website of the Royal Collection Trust

George IV

at BBC History

George IV

at the National Portrait Gallery, London

Portraits of King George IV