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Liver disease

Liver disease, or hepatic disease, is any of many diseases of the liver.[1] If long-lasting it is termed chronic liver disease.[3] Although the diseases differ in detail, liver diseases often have features in common.

For Injuries associated with liver, see Liver injury.

Liver disease

Hepatic disease

Hepatology, gastroenterology

Fatty liver disease, Hepatitis (and several more)[1]

Liver function tests[2]

Depends on type(See types)

Ground glass hepatocytes

Ground glass hepatocytes

Primary biliary cirrhosis

Primary biliary cirrhosis

Budd–Chiari syndrome

Budd–Chiari syndrome

Micrograph of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Micrograph of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

There are more than a hundred different liver diseases. Some of the most common are:[4]

[20]

Jaundice

Confusion and altered consciousness caused by .[21]

hepatic encephalopathy

and coagulopathy.[22]

Thrombocytopenia

Risk of , particularly taking place in the gastrointestinal tract[23]

bleeding symptoms

Some of the signs and symptoms of a liver disease are the following:

Diffuse cirrhosis

Diffuse cirrhosis

Macronodular cirrhosis

Macronodular cirrhosis

Nutmeg texture of congestive hepatopathy

Nutmeg texture of congestive hepatopathy

A number of liver function tests are available to test the proper function of the liver. These test for the presence of enzymes in blood that are normally most abundant in liver tissue, metabolites or products. serum proteins, serum albumin, serum globulin, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time.[2]


Imaging tests such as transient elastography, ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging can be used to show the liver tissue and the bile ducts. Liver biopsy can be performed to examine liver tissue to distinguish between various conditions; tests such as elastography may reduce the need for biopsy in some situations.[47]


In liver disease, prothrombin time is longer than usual.[22] In addition, the amounts of both coagulation factors and anticoagulation factors are reduced as a diseased liver cannot productively synthesize them as it did when healthy.[48] Nonetheless, there are two exceptions in this falling tendency: coagulation factor VIII and von Willebrand factor, a platelet adhesive protein.[48] Both inversely rise in the setting of hepatic insufficiency, thanks to the drop of hepatic clearance and compensatory productions from other sites of the body.[48] Fibrinolysis generally proceeds faster with acute liver failure and advanced stage liver disease, unlike chronic liver disease in which concentration of fibrinogen remains unchanged.[48]


A previously undiagnosed liver disease may become evident first after autopsy. Following are gross pathology images:

By using steroid-based drugs in autoimmune hepatitis.

[50]

Regularly removing a quantity of blood from a vein (venesection) in the iron overload condition, .[51]

hemochromatosis

a condition where copper builds up in the body, can be managed with drugs that bind copper, allowing it to be passed from the body in urine.[52]

Wilson's disease

In cholestatic liver disease, (where the flow of bile is affected due to cystic fibrosis) a medication called ursodeoxycholic acid may be given.[54]

[53]

Anti-viral medications are available to treat infections such as hepatitis B.[49] Other conditions may be managed by slowing down disease progression, for example:

(MELD)

Model for end-stage liver disease

Friedman LS, Keeffe EB (2011-08-03). . Elsevier Health Sciences. ISBN 978-1-4557-2316-4.

Handbook of Liver Disease