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Mary of Burgundy

Mary of Burgundy (French: Marie de Bourgogne; Dutch: Maria van Bourgondië; 13 February 1457 – 27 March 1482), nicknamed the Rich, was a member of the House of Valois-Burgundy who ruled a collection of states that included the duchies of Limburg, Brabant, Luxembourg, the counties of Namur, Holland, Hainaut and other territories, from 1477 until her death in 1482.[1][2][3]

For other people named Mary of Burgundy, see Mary of Burgundy (disambiguation).

Mary

5 January 1477 – 27 March 1482

Charles I

Philip IV

Maximilian

13 February 1457
Brussels, Brabant, Burgundian Netherlands

27 March 1482(1482-03-27) (aged 25)
Wijnendale Castle, Flanders, Burgundian Netherlands

Church of Our Lady, Bruges, Belgium
​
​
(m. 1477)​

Valois-Burgundy

Charles the Bold

Isabella of Bourbon

As the only child of Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, and his wife Isabella of Bourbon, Mary inherited the Burgundian lands at the age of 19 upon the death of her father in the Battle of Nancy on 5 January 1477.[4] In order to counter the appetite of the French king Louis XI for her lands, she married Maximilian of Austria, with whom she had two children. The marriage kept large parts of the Burgundian lands from disintegration, but also changed the dynasty from Valois to Habsburg (the Duchy of Burgundy itself soon became a French possession).[5][6] This was a turning point in European politics, leading to a French–Habsburg rivalry that would endure for centuries. Long after Mary's death, her husband became Holy Roman Emperor. Their son became King Philip I of Castile, and their daughter, Margaret, became Duchess of Savoy.

Early years[edit]

Mary of Burgundy was born in Brussels at the ducal castle of Coudenberg, to Charles the Bold, then known as the Count of Charolais, and his wife Isabella of Bourbon. Her birth, according to the court chronicler Georges Chastellain, was attended by a clap of thunder ringing from the otherwise clear twilight sky. Her godfather was Louis, Dauphin of France, in exile in Burgundy at that time; he named her for his mother Marie of Anjou. Reactions to the child's birth were mixed: the baby's grandfather, Duke Philip the Good, was unimpressed, and "chose not to attend the [baptism] as it was only for a girl", whereas her grandmother Isabella of Portugal was delighted at the birth of a granddaughter.[7] Her illegitimate aunt Anne was assigned to be responsible for Mary's education and assigned Jeanne de Clito to be her governess. Jeanne remained a friend to Mary later in life and was one of her most constant companions.

The legend is strongly based on a legend involving Mary, Maximilian and the priest, abbot and humanist Johannes Trithemius (1462–1516), who was suspected by many to be a necromancer. Through his 1507 account, Trithemius was the first author who mentioned the historical Doctor Faustus. Being summoned to the emperor's court in 1506 and 1507, he also helped to "prove" Maximilian's Trojan origins. In his 1569 edition of his Tischreden, Martin Luther writes about a magician and necromancer (understood to be Trithemius) who summoned Alexander the Great and other ancient heroes, as well as the emperor's deceased wife Mary of Burgundy, to entertain Maximilian.[79] In his 1585 account, Augustin Lercheimer (1522–1603) writes that after Mary's death, Trithemius was summoned to console a devastated Maximilian. Trithemius conjured a shade of Mary, who looked exactly like her likeness when alive. Maximilian also recognized a birthmark on her neck, that only he knew about. He was distraughted by the experience though, and ordered Trithemius never to do it again. An anonymous account in 1587 modified the story into a less sympathetic version. The emperor became Charles V, who, despite knowing about the risk of black magic, ordered Faustus to raise Alexander and his wife from death. Charles saw that the woman had a birthmark, that he had heard about.[80] Later, the woman in the most well-known story became Helen of Troy.[81]

Faust

(22 July 1478 – 25 September 1506), who succeeded his mother as Philip IV of Burgundy and became Philip I of Castile through his marriage to Joanna of Castile (known to history as "Juana la Loca").[154]

Philip the Handsome

(10 January 1480 – 1 December 1530), married firstly to Juan, Prince of Asturias, the son and heir of King Ferdinand II of Aragon and Queen Isabella I of Castile, and secondly to Philibert II, Duke of Savoy.[155]

Margaret

Franz or François (2 September 1481 – 26 December 1481).[157]

[156]

Arms before 1477

Arms before 1477

Arms after 1477

Arms after 1477

Dukes of Burgundy family tree

Other politically important horse accidents

beer

Duchesse de Bourgogne

Hours of Mary of Burgundy

Armstrong, Charles Arthur John (1957). . In Potter, George Richard (ed.). The New Cambridge Modern History. Vol. I. Cambridge at the University Press. ISBN 978-0521045414.

"The Burgundian Netherlands, 1477-1521"

Hand, Joni M. (2017). . Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-351-53653-0.

Women, Manuscripts and Identity in Northern Europe, 1350–1550

Ingrao, Charles W. (2000). The Habsburg Monarchy, 1618–1815. Cambridge University Press.  978-1108499255.

ISBN

Kendall, Paul Murray (1971). . W.W. Norton Co. Inc. ISBN 978-0393302608.

Louis XI

Koenigsberger, Helmut Georg (2001). . Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521803304.

Monarchies, States Generals and Parliaments: The Netherlands in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries

Taylor, Aline S. (2002). Isabel of Burgundy. Rowman & Littlefield Co.  978-1568332277.

ISBN

Terjanian, Pierre; Bayer, Andrea; Brandow, Adam B.; Demets, Lisa; Kirchhoff, Chassica; Krause, Stefan; Messling, Guido; Morrison, Elizabeth; Nogueira, Alison Manges; Pfaffenbichler, Matthias; Sandbichler, Veronika; Scheffer, Delia; Scholz, Peter; Sila, Roland; Silver, Larry; Spira, Freyda; Wlattnig, Robert; Wolf, Barbara; Zenz, Christina (2 October 2019). . Metropolitan Museum of Art. ISBN 978-1-58839-674-7. Retrieved 12 November 2021.

The Last Knight: The Art, Armor, and Ambition of Maximilian I

Vaughan, Richard (2004). Charles the Bold: The Last Valois Duke of Burgundy. Boydell Press.  978-0851159188.

ISBN

Ward, Adolphus William; Prothero, George Walter; Leathes, Stanley, eds. (1934). The Cambridge Modern History. Vol. XIII. Cambridge at the University Press.