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Mukden incident

The Mukden incident was a false flag event staged by Japanese military personnel as a pretext for the 1931 Japanese invasion of Manchuria.[1][2][3]

Not to be confused with Mudan incident.

Mukden incident

九一八事變

九一八事变

瀋陽事變

沈阳事变

満州事変

まんしゅうじへん

Manshū Jihen

Manshū Jihen

On September 18, 1931, Lieutenant Suemori Kawamoto of the Independent Garrison Unit of the 29th Japanese Infantry Regiment detonated a small quantity of dynamite[4] close to a railway line owned by Japan's South Manchuria Railway near Mukden (now Shenyang).[5] The explosion was so weak that it failed to destroy the track, and a train passed over it minutes later. The Imperial Japanese Army accused Chinese dissidents of the act and responded with a full invasion that led to the occupation of Manchuria, in which Japan established its puppet state of Manchukuo six months later. The deception was exposed by the Lytton Report of 1932, leading Japan to diplomatic isolation and its March 1933 withdrawal from the League of Nations.[6]

Names[edit]

In English, the Mukden incident is also known as the Manchurian incident. In Japanese, "Manchurian incident" (Kyūjitai: 滿洲事變, Shinjitai: 満州事変, Manshū-jihen) usually refers to the entire sequence of events (including the invasion), rather than just the initial attack on the railway line. In Chinese, the attack on the railway line is known as the Liutiao Lake incident (traditional Chinese: 柳條湖事變; simplified Chinese: 柳条湖事变; pinyin: Liǔtiáohú Shìbiàn) and the "9.18/September 18 incident" (九・一八事变; Jiǔyībā Shìbiàn) refers to the entire sequence of events.

Historiography[edit]

In 2017, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) officially recognized the Mukden incident as the start of its "War of Resistance" against the Empire of Japan as opposed to the 1937 Marco Polo Bridge incident. Historian Emily Matson stated that this shift in the official timeline is part of a domestic "legitimizing narrative" that aims to enhance the CCP's prestige and discredit the Nationalist government's "nonresistance policy" at the time.[25]

Remembrance[edit]

Each year at 10:00 a.m. on 18 September, air-raid sirens sound for several minutes in numerous major cities across China. Provinces include Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Hainan, and others.[26][27]

The Mukden incident is depicted in comic The Blue Lotus, although the book places the bombing near Shanghai. Here it is performed by Japanese agents and the Japanese exaggerate the incident.[28]

The Adventures of Tintin

The Chinese patriotic song describes the lives of the people who had lost their homeland in Northeast China after the Mukden incident.[29][30]

Along the Songhua River

In Akira Kurosawa's 1946 film , the subject of the Mukden incident is debated.[31][32]

No Regrets for Our Youth

's play A Japanese Called Otto,[33] opens with the characters discussing the Mukden incident.

Junji Kinoshita

The 2010 Japanese Night Raid 1931 is a 13-episode spy/pulp series set in 1931 Shanghai and Manchuria. Episode 7, "Incident", specifically covers the Mukden incident.[34]

anime

The violent Gantz has a reference when an elder says that an occurrence reminds him of the "Manchurian incident".

manga

death metal band Hail of Bullets covers the event in the song "The Mukden Incident" on their 2010 album On Divine Winds, a concept album about the Pacific Ocean theatre of World War II.

Dutch

The television drama (English: Family Game) deals with the history textbook controversy in episode 4, mentioning the Mukden incident.

Kazoku Game

The 1969 novel by Masuji Ibuse mentions the incident on numerous occasions.

Black Rain

The 2024 Chinese drama War of Faith, featuring , Li Qin and Wang Yang depicts the Mukden Incident in episode 24.

Wang Yibo

Events preceding World War II in Asia

Jinan incident

Second Sino-Japanese War

Japanese invasion of Manchuria

History of Sino-Japanese relations#Second Sino-Japanese War and World War II

History of the Republic of China

Military of the Republic of China

National Revolutionary Army

C. Peter Chen. . Archived from the original on May 26, 2023. Retrieved May 26, 2023.

"Mukden Incident | World War II Database"

Article on Japanese military cliques and their involvement in The Mukden Incident from Japanese Press Translations 1945–46