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Nathaniel Hawthorne

Nathaniel Hawthorne (born Nathaniel Hathorne; July 4, 1804 – May 19, 1864) was an American novelist and short story writer. His works often focus on history, morality, and religion.

Nathaniel Hawthorne

Nathaniel Hathorne
(1804-07-04)July 4, 1804
Salem, Massachusetts, U.S.

May 19, 1864(1864-05-19) (aged 59)
Plymouth, New Hampshire, U.S.

(m. 1842)

He was born in 1804 in Salem, Massachusetts, from a family long associated with that town. Hawthorne entered Bowdoin College in 1821, was elected to Phi Beta Kappa in 1824,[1] and graduated in 1825. He published his first work in 1828, the novel Fanshawe; he later tried to suppress it, feeling that it was not equal to the standard of his later work.[2] He published several short stories in periodicals, which he collected in 1837 as Twice-Told Tales. The following year, he became engaged to Sophia Peabody. He worked at the Boston Custom House and joined Brook Farm, a transcendentalist community, before marrying Peabody in 1842. The couple moved to The Old Manse in Concord, Massachusetts, later moving to Salem, the Berkshires, then to The Wayside in Concord. The Scarlet Letter was published in 1850, followed by a succession of other novels. A political appointment as consul took Hawthorne and family to Europe before their return to Concord in 1860. Hawthorne died on May 19, 1864.


Much of Hawthorne's writing centers on New England, many works featuring moral metaphors with an anti-Puritan inspiration. His fiction works are considered part of the Romantic movement and, more specifically, dark romanticism. His themes often center on the inherent evil and sin of humanity, and his works often have moral messages and deep psychological complexity. His published works include novels, short stories, and a biography of his college friend Franklin Pierce, written for his 1852 campaign for President of the United States, which Pierce won, becoming the 14th president.

(published anonymously, 1828)[129]

Fanshawe

(1850)

The Scarlet Letter, A Romance

(1851)

The House of the Seven Gables, A Romance

(1852)

The Blithedale Romance

(1860) (as Transformation: Or, The Romance of Monte Beni, UK publication, same year)

The Marble Faun: Or, The Romance of Monte Beni

The Dolliver Romance (1863) (unfinished)

Septimius Felton; or, the Elixir of Life (unfinished, published in the , 1872)

Atlantic Monthly

Doctor Grimshawe's Secret: A Romance (unfinished, with preface and notes by Julian Hawthorne, 1882)

Gothic fiction

Young America movement

Bell, Michael Davitt. . Princeton University Press (2015).

Hawthorne and the Historical Romance of New England

Forster, Sophia. "Elizabeth Stuart Phelps, Nathaniel Hawthorne, and the Emergence of American Literary Realism." Studies in the Novel 48.1 (2016): 43–64.

online

Greven, David. Gender Protest and Same-Sex Desire in Antebellum American Literature: Margaret Fuller, Edgar Allan Poe, Nathaniel Hawthorne, and Herman Melville (2015).

Hallock, Thomas. "'A' is for Acronym: Teaching Hawthorne in a Performance-Based World." ESQ: A Journal of Nineteenth-Century American Literature and Culture 62#1 (2016): 116–121.

Hawthorne, Julian. Nathaniel Hawthorne and His Wife: A Biography (2 vols.). Cambridge University Press (1884); Boston: James R. Osgood and Company (1885).

Hawthorne, Julian. Hawthorne and His Circle. New York and London: Harper & Brothers Publishers (1903).

Hawthorne, Julian. The Memoirs of Julian Hawthorne, Edited by His Wife Edith Garrigues Hawthorne. New York: The Macmillan Company (1938).

Levin, Harry (1980). The Power of Blackness: Hawthorne, Poe, Melville. Athens, OH: Ohio University Press.  9780821405819.

ISBN

Reynolds, Larry J., ed. A Historical Guide to Nathaniel Hawthorne. New York: Oxford University Press (2001).

Salwak, Dale. The Life of the Author: Nathaniel Hawthorne. Chichester: Wiley Blackwell (2022). ISBN 978-1-119-77181-4

Scribner, David, ed. Hawthorne Revistied: Honoring the Bicentennial of the Author's Birth. Lenox, Massachusetts: Lenox Library Association (2004).

Ticknor, Caroline. Hawthorne and His Publisher. Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin Company (1913).

Williamson, Richard Joseph. "Friendship, politics, and the literary imagination: The impact of Franklin Pierce on Hawthorne's work" (PhD dissertation, University of North Texas, ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 1996. 9638512).

Young, Philip. Hawthorne's Secret: An Un-Told Tale. Boston: David R. Godine (1984).

The website

Hawthorne in Salem

at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database

Nathaniel Hawthorne

at the University of South Carolina Irvin Department of Rare Books and Special Collections.

C. E. Frazer Clark collection of Nathaniel Hawthorne

Henry James

Hawthorne

housed in the Department of Special Collections at Stanford University Libraries

Hawthorne Family Papers, c. 1825–1929

from C-SPAN's American Writers: A Journey Through History

"Writings of Nathaniel Hawthorne"

series of essays on Hawthorne stories at The New Atlantis.

Hawthorne: Science, Progress, and Human Nature

Archived October 24, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, by Nathaniel Hawthorne, edited by Sophia Hawthorne, 1868, Boston: Houghton, Mifflin, 1883 (volume IX of the 13-volume Riverside Edition of the Complete Works of Nathaniel Hawthorne).

Passages from the American Note-Books

at The Morgan Library & Museum

Joint diary of Sophia and Nathaniel Hawthorne

. Yale Collection of American Literature, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library.

Nathaniel Hawthorne Collection