Geography of Russia
Russia (Russian: Россия) is the largest country in the world, covering over 17,125,192 km2 (6,612,074 sq mi), and encompassing more than one-eighth of Earth's inhabited land area. Russia extends across eleven time zones, and has the most borders of any country in the world, with sixteen sovereign nations.[b]
Continent
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95.78%
4.22%
37,654 km (23,397 mi)
Poland 204.1 km (126.8 mi)
Lithuania 266 km (165 mi)
Norway 195.8 km (121.7 mi)
Finland 1,271.8 km (790.3 mi)
Estonia 138 km (86 mi)
Latvia 270.5 km (168.1 mi)
Belarus 1,239 km (770 mi)
Ukraine 1,925.8 km (1,196.6 mi)
Georgia 875.5 km (544.0 mi)
Azerbaijan 372.6 km (231.5 mi)
Kazakhstan 7,512.8 km (4,668.2 mi)
China 4,209.3 km (2,615.5 mi)[a]
Mongolia 3,485 km (2,165 mi)
North Korea 17 km (11 mi)
Japan
Mount Elbrus
5,642 m (18,510 ft)
Caspian Sea,
−28 m (−92 ft)
Lake Baikal
31,722 km2 (12,248 sq mi)
European Russia and Siberia: mostly cool climate
Extreme north: tundra
Extreme southeast: temperate continental
Most of Russia consists of two plains (the East European Plain and the West Siberian Plain), two lowlands (the North Siberian and the Kolyma, in far northeastern Siberia), two plateaus (the Central Siberian Plateau and the Lena Plateau to its east), and a series of mountainous areas mainly concentrated in the extreme northeast or extending intermittently along the southern border.
Oil, gas, coal, timber, metals, diamonds, copper, lead, zinc, bauxite, nickel, tin, mercury, gold, silver, platinum, titanium, manganese, potash, uranium, cobalt, molybdenum, tungsten, aluminum, polymetals, chromium, phosphates, apatites, talc, asbestos, mica, salt, amber, precious and semiprecious stones, sand, clay, limestone, marble, granite, iron ore, arable land, tobacco, tea, citrus fruit, hydroelectricity, fresh water, fruits, and vegetables.
Earthquakes, landslides, storms, hurricanes, forest fires, and floods.
Deforestation, energy irresponsibility, pollution, and nuclear waste.
7,566,673 km2 (2,921,509 sq mi)
Russia is a transcontinental country, stretching vastly over two continents, Europe and Asia.[1] It spans the northernmost edge of Eurasia, and has the world's fourth-longest coastline, at 37,653 km (23,396 mi).[c][3] Russia, alongside Canada and the United States, is one of only three countries with a coast along three oceans (however connection to the Atlantic Ocean is extremely remote),[1] due to which it has links with over thirteen marginal seas.[d][4] It lies between latitudes 41° and 82° N, and longitudes 19° E and 169° W. Russia is larger than three continents of the world[e] and has about the same surface area as Pluto.[6] Russia encompasses, by far, the largest forest area of any country in the world.[7]
The wider area of the Urals, showing the transition of temperate forest, taiga, steppe and semi-desert
desert
tundra
alpine tundra
taiga
forest
temperate broadleaf forest
temperate steppe
steppe
Area (excluding Crimea):
Area - comparative:
Slightly larger than twice the size of Brazil
Land boundaries:
Kaliningrad forms the westernmost part of Russia, having no land connection to the rest of the country. It is bounded by Poland, Lithuania, and the Baltic Sea.
Crimea, a peninsula on the Black Sea, is claimed and de facto administered by the Russian Federation since Russia annexed it in March 2014. It is recognized as a territory of Ukraine by most of the international community.
Border countries:
Coastline excluding Crimea: 37,653 km (23,396 mi)
Maritime claims:
Elevation extremes:
Natural hazards[edit]
Volcanic activity in the Kuril Islands and volcanoes and earthquakes on the Kamchatka Peninsula are other natural hazards.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the . Russia: A Country Study. Federal Research Division.
