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Nicole Oresme

Nicole Oresme (French: [nikɔl ɔʁɛm];[6] 1 January 1325 – 11 July 1382), also known as Nicolas Oresme, Nicholas Oresme, or Nicolas d'Oresme, was a French philosopher of the later Middle Ages. He wrote influential works on economics, mathematics, physics, astrology, astronomy, philosophy, and theology; was Bishop of Lisieux, a translator, a counselor of King Charles V of France, and one of the most original thinkers of 14th-century Europe.[7]

Nicole Oresme

(1325-01-01)1 January 1325

11 July 1382(1382-07-11) (aged 57)[2]

Lisieux, Normandy, France

Natural philosophy, astronomy, theology, mathematics

Rectangular co-ordinates, first proof of the divergence of the harmonic series, mean speed theorem

Life[edit]

Nicole Oresme was born c. 1320–1325 in the village of Allemagnes (today's Fleury-sur-Orne) in the vicinity of Caen, Normandy, in the diocese of Bayeux. Practically nothing is known concerning his family. The fact that Oresme attended the royally sponsored and subsidised College of Navarre, an institution for students too poor to pay their expenses while studying at the University of Paris, makes it probable that he came from a peasant family.[8]


Oresme studied the "arts" in Paris, together with Jean Buridan (the so-called founder of the French school of natural philosophy), Albert of Saxony and perhaps Marsilius of Inghen, and there received the Magister Artium. He was already a regent master in arts by 1342, during the crisis over William of Ockham's natural philosophy.[9]


In 1348, he was a student of theology in Paris.


In 1356, he received his doctorate and in the same year he became grand master (grand-maître) of the College of Navarre.


In 1364, he was appointed dean of the Cathedral of Rouen. Around 1369, he began a series of translations of Aristotelian works at the request of Charles V, who granted him a pension in 1371 and, with royal support, was appointed bishop of Lisieux in 1377. In 1382, he died in Lisieux.[10]

Nicole Oresme's De visione stellarum (On seeing the stars): a critical edition of Oresme's treatise on optics and atmospheric refraction, translated by Dan Burton, (Leiden; Boston: Brill, 2007,  9789004153707)

ISBN

Nicole Oresme and the marvels of nature: a study of his De causis mirabilium, translated by Bert Hansen, (Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, 1985,  9780888440686)

ISBN

Questiones super quatuor libros meteororum, in SC McCluskey, ed, Nicole Oresme on Light, Color and the Rainbow: An Edition and Translation, with introduction and critical notes, of Part of Book Three of his Questiones super quatuor libros meteororum (PhD dissertation, University of Wisconsin, 1974, )

Google Books

Nicole Oresme and the kinematics of circular motion: Tractatus de commensurabilitate vel incommensurabilitate motuum celi, translated by Edward Grant, (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1971)

Nicole Oresme and the medieval geometry of qualities and motions: a treatise on the uniformity and difformity of intensities known as Tractatus de configurationibus qualitatum et motuum, translated by Marshall Clagett, (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1971,  894)

OCLC

Le Livre du ciel et du monde. A. D. Menut and A. J. Denomy, ed. and trans. (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1968,  9780783797878)

ISBN

De proportionibus proportionum and Ad pauca respicientes. Edward Grant, ed. and trans. (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1966,  9780299040000)

ISBN

The De moneta of N. Oresme, and English Mint documents, translated by C. Johnson, (London, 1956)

[50]

List of multiple discoveries

Science in the Middle Ages

Oresme (crater)

List of Roman Catholic scientist-clerics

(1970). "Nicole Oresme" (PDF). In Gillispie, Charles (ed.). Dictionary of Scientific Biography. Vol. 10. New York: Scribner & American Council of Learned Societies. pp. 223–240. ISBN 978-0-684-10114-9.

Clagett, Marshall

(1968). Nicole Oresme and the Medieval Geometry of Qualities and Motions: A Treatise on the Uniformity and Difformity of Intensities Known as Tractatus de configurationibus qualitatum at motuum. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.

Clagett, Marshall

(1971). Nicole Oresme and the Kinematics of Circular Motion. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. ISBN 0-299-05830-1.

Grant, Edward

Hansen, Bert (1985). Nicole Oresme and the Marvels of Nature: A Study of his De causis mirabilium with Critical Edition, Translation, and Commentary. Pontifical Institute of Medieval Studies.  0-88844-068-5.

ISBN

Mäkeler, Hendrik (2003). . Scripta Mercaturae: Zeitschrift für Wirtschafts- und Sozialgeschichte. 37 (1): 56–94. (covers Oresme's monetary theory).

"Nicolas Oresme und Gabriel Biel: Zur Geldtheorie im späten Mittelalter"

Wood, Chauncey (1970). . Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-06172-6.

Chaucer and the Country of the Stars: Poetical Uses of Astrological Imagery

Labellarte, Alberto (a cura di) (2016). Nicola Oresme. Trattato sull'origine, la natura, il diritto e i cambiamenti del denaro. Testo latino a fronte. Bari: Stilo Editrice.  978-88-6479-158-6.

ISBN

at Internet Archive

Works by or about Nicole Oresme

(SPC) MSS BH 100 COCH Volume of works by Nicole Oresme, Maffeo Vegio, and Jordanus von Osnabrück at OPenn

Kirschner, Stefan (2021). . Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy..

"Nicole Oresme"

Oresme biography

Article on Oresme's monetary theory

(pdf)

The De Moneta of Nicholas Oresme and English Mint Documents

(Latin)

Tractatus de Origine, Natura, Jure et Mutationibus Monetarum